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A History of American Literature
A History of American Literature

Chapter XXV

Chapter 25 of A History of American Literature is here in full — 237 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
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THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.
The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.
A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.
And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.
The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A History of American Literature

Chapter XXV

Chapter 25 of A History of American Literature is here in full — 237 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.
/ðə west ənd mɑːrk tweɪn ðer ɪz ə ˈvælɪd ˈperəlel bɪˈtwiːn ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz ʌv əˈmerəkən ˈlɪtərətʃər ənd ðə ˈɜːrli ˈsteɪdʒəz ʌv ɪts dɪˈveləpmənt ɪn ðə west fɔːr ɪn boʊθ ˈɪnstənsəz ɪt ˈfɑːloʊd ɑːn ðə weɪv ʌv ˌpaɪəˈnɪr ˈsetəlmənt/
Line 2
The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.
Line 3
A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.
Line 4
And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.
/ənd ðə ˈfaɪnəl steɪdʒ ɪz fʊlˈfɪld baɪ ðoʊz huːz hoʊl lɪvz bɪˈlɔːŋd tuː ðə məˈtʃʊrɪŋ frənˈtɪr laɪk moʊst ʌv ðə ˈsekənd ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/
Line 5
The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adoption noun US /əˈdɑːpʃən/

the act of accepting with approval; favorable reception

From this reading “A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.”

Harte noun US /hɑːrt/

United States writer noted for his stories about life during the California gold rush (1836-1902)

From this reading “The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.”

Honolulu noun US /ˌhɑːnəˈluːluː/

the capital and largest city of Hawaii; located on a large bay on the island of Oahu

From this reading “The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.”

maturing verb US /məˈtʃʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “mature” — develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation

From this reading “And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.”

resentful adjective US /rɪˈzentfəl/

full of or marked by resentment or indignant ill will

From this reading “The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.”

sojourners noun US /ˈsoʊdʒərnərz/

plural of “sojourner” — a temporary resident

From this reading “The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.”

survives verb US /sərˈvaɪvz/

third-person singular of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading “The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.”

valid adjective US /ˈvælɪd/

well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force

From this reading “THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

final stage adjective + noun

In this reading “And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.”

early stages adjective + noun counted as “early stage”

In this reading “THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.”

second generation noun + noun

In this reading “And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.”

different degrees adjective + noun counted as “different degree”

In this reading “The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.”

for example preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.”

whole lives adjective + noun counted as “whole life”

In this reading “And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.”

from the East preposition + article + noun counted as “from … east”

In this reading “The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.”

new country adjective + noun

In this reading “The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

adoptionnounUS /əˈdɑːpʃən/

the act of accepting with approval; favorable reception

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

allegiancenounUS /əˈliːdʒəns/

the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

approvalnounUS /əˈpruːvəl/

the formal act of approving

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

beginningsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋz/

plural of “beginning” — the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

Bret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

ChicagonounUS /ʃəˈkɑːɡoʊ/

largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

colonistsnounUS /ˈkɑːlənɪsts/

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

correspondingadjectiveUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪŋ/

accompanying

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

Francisco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

fulfilledadjectiveUS /fʊlˈfɪld/

completed to perfection

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

HartenounUS /hɑːrt/

United States writer noted for his stories about life during the California gold rush (1836-1902)

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

HonolulunounUS /ˌhɑːnəˈluːluː/

the capital and largest city of Hawaii; located on a large bay on the island of Oahu

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

IncreasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

instancesnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

Joaquin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

MARKverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

Mather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

maturingverbUS /məˈtʃʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “mature” — develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

MillernounUS /ˈmɪlər/

United States bandleader of a popular big band (1909-1944)

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

Nathaniel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

parallelnounUS /ˈperəlel/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

permanentadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

pioneernounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

resentfuladjectiveUS /rɪˈzentfəl/

full of or marked by resentment or indignant ill will

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

sojournersnounUS /ˈsoʊdʒərnərz/

plural of “sojourner” — a temporary resident

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

stagesnounUS /ˈsteɪdʒəz/

plural of “stage” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

survivesverbUS /sərˈvaɪvz/

third-person singular of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

temporaryadjectiveUS /ˈtempəreri/

not permanent; not lasting

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

timider

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

TWAINnounUS /tweɪn/

two items of the same kind

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

validadjectiveUS /ˈvælɪd/

well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

WardnounUS /wɔːrd/

a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

WESTnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading THE WEST AND MARK TWAIN There is a valid parallel between the beginnings of American literature and the early stages of its development in the West, for in both instances it followed on the wave of pioneer settlement.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A more permanent allegiance developed in a second group who lived out their lives in the land of their adoption, such, for example, as Joaquin Miller and Increase Mather.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading And the final stage is fulfilled by those whose whole lives belonged to the maturing frontier, like most of the second generation.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The earliest writers came from the East and were only temporary sojourners in the new country, Bret Harte and Mark Twain corresponding in different degrees to colonists like John Smith and Nathaniel Ward.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading The parallel exists too in the fact that the early authors wrote usually with one eye on the older community, eager for approval and half resentful of criticism--an attitude of West toward East which still survives in the timider element along the chain from London to New York to Chicago to San Francisco to Honolulu.

Chapter 25 of A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton holds 237 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 25 of A History of American Literature contain?

Chapter 25 holds 237 sentences of A History of American Literature, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 25 of A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 237 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 25 of A History of American Literature?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 25 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 25 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A History of American Literature

Common questions about reading A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A History of American Literature?

Yes. All 8487 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45353 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A History of American Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45353, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A History of American Literature take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1698 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A History of American Literature section by section

How to work through A History of American Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of A History of American Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A History of American Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in A History of American Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reproduce
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.