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A History of American Literature Since 1870
A History of American Literature Since 1870

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.
To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.
It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.
Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).
Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A History of American Literature Since 1870

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.
Line 2
To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.
/tuː ˈstʌdi ðə lɪst ɪz tuː ˈriːəlaɪz ðə kənˈdɪʃən ʌv əˈmerəkən ˈfɪkʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɪkstiz/
Line 3
It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.
Line 4
Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).
Line 5
Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.
/ˈstrɪktli ˈspiːkɪŋ ɪt ɪz nɑːt ə ˈnɑːvəl æt ɔːl ɪt ɪz əˈnʌðər ˈɔːtəkræt ˈvɑːljuːm ˈtʃæti dɪˈskɜːrsɪv ˈbrɪljənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Chronological adjective US /ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

relating to or arranged according to temporal order

discursive adjective US /dɪˈskɜːrsɪv/

proceeding to a conclusion by reason or argument rather than intuition

From this reading “Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.”

Holmes's noun US /ˈhoʊmzɪz/

possessive form of “holmes” — a fictitious detective in stories by A. Conan Doyle

From this reading “BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.”

lauded verb US /ˈlɔːdɪd/

past form of “laud” — praise, glorify, or honor

From this reading “Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).”

Mitchell's noun US /ˈmɪtʃəlz/

possessive form of “mitchell” — English aeronautical engineer (1895-1937)

From this reading “BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.”

sixties noun US /ˈsɪkstiz/

the decade from 1960 to 1969

From this reading “To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.”

Taylor's noun US /ˈteɪlərz/

possessive form of “taylor” — United States composer and music critic (1885-1966)

From this reading “BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.”

twenties noun US /ˈtwentiz/

the time of life between 20 and 30

From this reading “Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Guardian Angel noun + noun

an angel believed to have special affection for a particular individual

In this reading “BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.”

seven years noun + noun

In this reading “BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.”

Bad Boy adjective + noun

In this reading “BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.”

Little Women adjective + noun counted as “little woman”

In this reading “BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1860

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

1861

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

1870

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

AjaradjectiveUS /əˈdʒɑːr/

slightly open

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Alcott's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Aldrich's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

AngelnounUS /ˈeɪndʒəl/

spiritual being attendant upon God

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

AutocratnounUS /ˈɔːtəkræt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

BadadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Beecher's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

BoynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

BRET

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

chattyadjectiveUS /ˈtʃæti/

full of trivial conversation

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

ChronologicaladjectiveUS /ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

relating to or arranged according to temporal order

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.

decadenounUS /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

definiteadjectiveUS /ˈdefənət/

precise; explicit and clearly defined

From this reading It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.

discursiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈskɜːrsɪv/

proceeding to a conclusion by reason or argument rather than intuition

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

DoctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Donald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

dronedverbUS /droʊnd/

past form of “drone” — make a monotonous low dull sound

From this reading It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Elsie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

feeblest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.

FolksnounUS /foʊks/

your parents

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

FortunesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

GatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Godfrey's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

GuardiannounUS /ˈɡɑːrdiən/

a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Hannah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

HARTEnounUS /hɑːrt/

United States writer noted for his stories about life during the California gold rush (1836-1902)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Higginson's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Holmes'snounUS /ˈhoʊmzɪz/

possessive form of “holmes” — a fictitious detective in stories by A. Conan Doyle

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

incisivenessnoun

keenness and forcefulness of thought or expression or intellect

From this reading It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

JohnsnounUS /dʒɑːnz/

United States artist and proponent of pop art (born in 1930)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Kennett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

lackedverbUS /lækt/

past form of “lack” — be without

From this reading It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.

Lanier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Lanier's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

laudedverbUS /ˈlɔːdɪd/

past form of “laud” — praise, glorify, or honor

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

listverbUS /lɪst/

give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of

From this reading To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Louisa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Malbone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

mentionsnounUS /ˈmenʃənz/

plural of “mention” — a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Mitchell'snounUS /ˈmɪtʃəlz/

possessive form of “mitchell” — English aeronautical engineer (1895-1937)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Norwood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

novelsnounUS /ˈnɑːvəlz/

plural of “novel” — an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Oldtown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

OutlinesnounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪnz/

plural of “outline” — the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

Phelps's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

preachedverbUS /priːtʃt/

past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon

From this reading It lacked incisiveness and construction and definite color; it droned and it preached.

pronouncingverbUS /prəˈnaʊnsɪŋ/

-ing form of “pronounce” — speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

realizeverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪz/

be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.

ScoutsnounUS /skaʊts/

plural of “scout” — a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

sixtiesnounUS /ˈsɪkstiz/

the decade from 1960 to 1969

From this reading To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Stowe's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

StrictlyadverbUS /ˈstrɪktli/

restricted to something

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

StuartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Taylor'snounUS /ˈteɪlərz/

possessive form of “taylor” — United States composer and music critic (1885-1966)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

thirteennounUS /ˈθɜːrˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twelve and one

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Thurston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Tiger-Lilies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To study the list is to realize the condition of American fiction during the sixties.

transitionnounUS /trænˈzɪʃən/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Trowbridge's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

twentiesnounUS /ˈtwentiz/

the time of life between 20 and 30

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

Venner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Strictly speaking, it is not a novel at all: it is another Autocrat volume, chatty, discursive, brilliant.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Whitcomb

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

WomennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Before pronouncing the decade the feeblest period in American fiction since the early twenties of the century, let us examine the most lauded novel written in America between 1860 and 1870, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading BRET HARTE In his _Chronological Outlines of American Literature_, Whitcomb mentions only thirteen American novels published during the seven years before 1870: Taylor's _Hannah Thurston_, _John Godfrey's Fortunes_, and _Story of Kennett_; Trowbridge's _The Three Scouts_; Donald G. Mitchell's _Doctor Johns_; Holmes's _The Guardian Angel_; Lanier's _Tiger-Lilies_, the transition novel of the decade as we shall see later in our study of Lanier; Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_; Beecher's _Norwood_; Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's _The Gates Ajar_; Higginson's _Malbone_; Aldrich's _Story of a Bad Boy_; and Mrs. Stowe's _Oldtown Folks_.

Chapter 4 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 by Fred Lewis Pattee holds 360 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 360 sentences of A History of American Literature Since 1870, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 by Fred Lewis Pattee exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 360 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Vocabulary met early in A History of American Literature Since 1870

Words and structures a reader meets early in A History of American Literature Since 1870, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lifespans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature Since 1870; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature Since 1870; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Still
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature Since 1870; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Living
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature Since 1870; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.