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A History of American Literature Since 1870
A History of American Literature Since 1870

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 is here in full — 338 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Fred Lewis Pattee • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for A History of American Literature Since 1870
Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.
It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.
It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.
It came as a natural product of mid-century conditions.
America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A History of American Literature Since 1870

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 is here in full — 338 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.
/ðə trænˈzɪʃən ˈpoʊəts ðə ˈsekənd ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən ʌv ˈpoʊəts ɪn əˈmerəkə ðoʊz ˈleɪtər ˈsɪŋərz bɔːrn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈvaɪtəl ˈθɜːrtiz ɪn wɪtʃ hæd əˈpɪrd ðə ˈɜːrliəst bʊks ʌv ðə ˈoʊldər skuːl bɪˈɡæn ɪts wɜːrk ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deˈkeɪd bɪˈfɔːr ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔːr/
Line 2
It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.
/ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ə ɡruːp ðæt hæd bɪn lɔːntʃt æz wɜːr ðə ˈɜːrliər ˈpoʊəts ʌv ðə ˈsentʃəri baɪ ə ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl ənd ˈmɔːrəl ˈkætəklɪsəm ɔːr baɪ ə nuː strɔːŋ taɪd ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl laɪf/
Line 3
It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.
/ɪt wɑːz ə skuːl ʌv dɪˈlɪbərət ɑːrt ðə ˌɪˈnevətəbəl ˈklæsɪkəl skuːl wɪtʃ ˈfɑːloʊz ˈevər əˈpɑːn ðə hiːlz ʌv ðə kriˈeɪtɪv ˈepək/
Line 4
It came as a natural product of mid-century conditions.
Line 5
America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abundantly adverb US /əˈbʌndəntli/

in an abundant manner

From this reading “America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
cataclysm noun US /ˈkætəklɪsəm/

a sudden violent change in the earth's surface

From this reading “It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
creative adjective US /kriˈeɪtɪv/

having the ability or power to create

From this reading “It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
decade noun US /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading “THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
epoch noun US /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading “It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
forties noun US /ˈfɔːrtiz/

the time of life between 40 and 50

From this reading “America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thirties noun US /ˈθɜːrtiz/

the time of life between 30 and 40

From this reading “THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
transition noun US /trænˈzɪʃən/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading “THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Civil War adjective + noun

a war between factions in the same country

In this reading “THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.”

5,101 times in 426,212 chapters
second generation noun + noun

In this reading “THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.”

247 times in 426,212 chapters
strong tide adjective + noun

In this reading “It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.”

193 times in 426,212 chapters
national life adjective + noun

In this reading “It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.”

471 times in 426,212 chapters

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
abundantlyadverbUS /əˈbʌndəntli/

in an abundant manner

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora curated lexicon
bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It came as a natural product of mid-century conditions.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
cataclysmnounUS /ˈkætəklɪsəm/

a sudden violent change in the earth's surface

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
CiviladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
classicaladjectiveUS /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading It came as a natural product of mid-century conditions.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
creativeadjectiveUS /kriˈeɪtɪv/

having the ability or power to create

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
decadenounUS /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
deliberateadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪbərət/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
epochnounUS /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fednounUS /fed/

any federal law-enforcement officer

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
fortiesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtiz/

the time of life between 40 and 50

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
furnishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃt/

provided with whatever is necessary for a purpose (as furniture or equipment or authority)

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
heelsnounUS /hiːlz/

plural of “heel” — the bottom of a shoe or boot; the back part of a shoe or boot that touches the ground and provides elevation

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
inevitableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnevətəbəl/

incapable of being avoided or prevented

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
launchedverbUS /lɔːntʃt/

past form of “launch” — set up or found

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
mid-century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It came as a natural product of mid-century conditions.

Pending verification
moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading It came as a natural product of mid-century conditions.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
pabulumnoun

any substance that can be used as food

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
POETSnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
productnounUS /ˈprɑːdəkt/

commodities offered for sale

From this reading It came as a natural product of mid-century conditions.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
romanticadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
singersnounUS /ˈsɪŋərz/

plural of “singer” — a person who sings

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading America, hungry for culture, had fed upon the romantic pabulum furnished so abundantly in the thirties and the forties.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
thirtiesnounUS /ˈθɜːrtiz/

the time of life between 30 and 40

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
TRANSITIONnounUS /trænˈzɪʃən/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was a school of deliberate art, the inevitable classical school which follows ever upon the heels of the creative epoch.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
vitaladjectiveUS /ˈvaɪtəl/

urgently needed; absolutely necessary

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was not a group that had been launched, as were the earlier poets of the century, by a spiritual and moral cataclysm, or by a new strong tide in the national life.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE TRANSITION POETS The second generation of poets in America, those later singers born during the vital thirties in which had appeared the earliest books of the older school, began its work during the decade before the Civil War.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Chapter 7 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 by Fred Lewis Pattee holds 338 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 contain?

Chapter 7 holds 338 sentences of A History of American Literature Since 1870, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of A History of American Literature Since 1870 by Fred Lewis Pattee exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 338 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of A History of American Literature Since 1870?

Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 68 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading A History of American Literature Since 1870 by Fred Lewis Pattee on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A History of American Literature Since 1870?

Yes. All 7966 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A History of American Literature Since 1870 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A History of American Literature Since 1870 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through A History of American Literature Since 1870 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in A History of American Literature Since 1870

Words and structures a reader meets early in A History of American Literature Since 1870, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lifespans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature Since 1870; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature Since 1870; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Still
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature Since 1870; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Living
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature Since 1870; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.