Chapter XVII

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

in addition

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

showing who or what does the action

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

a period of 100 years

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

destructive of morale and self-reliance

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

divisible by two

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

past form of “frown” — look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

usually; as a rule

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

a record in which commercial accounts are recorded

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

able to read and write

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

the common people generally

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

not any; not one

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

plural of “novel” — an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

in an open way

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

one of four equal parts

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading George Cary Eggleston in the biography of his brother has recorded his own experience:

only a very short time before

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

continuously varying

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

not in physical motion

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

in a surreptitious manner

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

an impression that something might be the case

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Puritanism had frowned upon fiction, the church generally discountenanced it, and in many places prejudice ran deep.

precisely as stated

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was also a very large class of readers that read no novels at all.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

in the company of; together with

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

a late time of life

From this reading It will scarcely be believed by many in the early years of the twentieth century, that as late as the end of the third quarter of the nineteenth, there still survived a bitter prejudice against novels as demoralizing literature, and that even short stories were looked upon with doubt and suspicion....

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading SHIFTING CURRENTS OF FICTION I In 1870 American fiction ran in two currents: fiction of the _Atlantic_ type, read by the cultivated few, and fiction of Bonner's _New York Ledger_ type, read openly by the literate masses and surreptitiously by many others.