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A History of English Literature
A History of English Literature

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of A History of English Literature is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
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PERIOD VIII.
THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.
THE CRITICAL REVIEWS.
As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.
But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A History of English Literature

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of A History of English Literature is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PERIOD VIII.
Line 2
THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.
Line 3
THE CRITICAL REVIEWS.
/ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl riˈvjuːz/
Line 4
As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.
Line 5
But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cowper noun US /ˈkaʊpər/

English surgeon who discovered Cowper's gland (1666-1709)

From this reading “But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.”

eighteenth adjective US /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading “As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.”

Elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.”

incomplete adjective US /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/

not complete or total; not completed

From this reading “But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.”

maturity noun US /məˈtʃʊrəti/

the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed

From this reading “But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.”

reviews noun US /riˈvjuːz/

plural of “review” — a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading “THE CRITICAL REVIEWS.”

surveyed verb US /sərˈveɪd/

past form of “survey” — consider in a comprehensive way

From this reading “As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.”

tentative adjective US /ˈtentətɪv/

under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon

From this reading “But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1798

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

1800

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

1830

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

ABOUTprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

arriveverbUS /ərˈaɪv/

reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

conspicuousadjectiveUS /kənˈspɪkjuːəs/

obvious to the eye or mind

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

CowpernounUS /ˈkaʊpər/

English surgeon who discovered Cowper's gland (1666-1709)

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

createverbUS /kriˈeɪt/

make or cause to be or to become

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

CRITICALadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading THE CRITICAL REVIEWS.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

ElizabethannounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

GREATadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

incompleteadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/

not complete or total; not completed

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

maturitynounUS /məˈtʃʊrəti/

the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

MovementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

PERIODnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading PERIOD VIII.

presentsnounUS /ˈprezənts/

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

REVIEWSnounUS /riˈvjuːz/

plural of “review” — a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading THE CRITICAL REVIEWS.

ROMANTICadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

surveyedverbUS /sərˈveɪd/

past form of “survey” — consider in a comprehensive way

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

tentativeadjectiveUS /ˈtentətɪv/

under terms not final or fully worked out or agreed upon

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

TRIUMPHnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

VIIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one

From this reading PERIOD VIII.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As we look back to-day over the literature of the last three quarters of the eighteenth century, here just surveyed, the progress of the Romantic Movement seems the most conspicuous general fact which it presents.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading But at the, death of Cowper in 1800 the movement still remained tentative and incomplete, and it was to arrive at full maturity only in the work of the great writers of the following quarter century, who were to create the finest body of literature which England had produced since the Elizabethan period.

WRITERSnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading THE ROMANTIC TRIUMPH, 1798 TO ABOUT 1830 THE GREAT WRITERS OF 1798-1830.

Chapter 10 of A History of English Literature by Robert Huntington Fletcher holds 418 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of A History of English Literature contain?

Chapter 10 holds 418 sentences of A History of English Literature, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of A History of English Literature by Robert Huntington Fletcher exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 418 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of A History of English Literature?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of A History of English Literature?

Yes. All 5100 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7201 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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About 425 minutes of reading across 1020 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A History of English Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in A History of English Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Period
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of English Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Britons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of English Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anglo-saxons
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Foreword
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