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A History of English Romanticism in
A History of English Romanticism in

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of A History of English Romanticism in is here in full — 430 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
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The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.
This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.
In England the reaction was at first gradual, timid, and unconscious.
It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.
The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A History of English Romanticism in

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of A History of English Romanticism in is here in full — 430 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.
Line 2
This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.
/ðɪs bɪˈɡæn ˈsʌmˈwʌt ˈɜːrliər ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ðæn ɪn ˈdʒɜːrməni ənd ˈveri mʌtʃ ˈɜːrliər ðæn ɪn fræns wer ˈlɪtərəsi kənˈsɜːrvətɪzəm went ˈstreɪndʒli hænd ɪn hænd wɪð pəˈlɪtəkəl ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm/
Line 3
In England the reaction was at first gradual, timid, and unconscious.
/ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ðə riˈækʃən wɑːz æt fɜːrst ˈɡrædʒuːəl ˈtɪmɪd ənd ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs/
Line 4
It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.
/ɪt dɪd nɑːt riːtʃ ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns ənˈtɪl ðə ˈsevənθ deˈkeɪd ʌv ðə ˈsentʃəri ənd ˈkʌlməneɪtɪd ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə ˈɜːrli jɪrz ʌv ðə ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri/
Line 5
The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conservatism noun US /kənˈsɜːrvətɪzəm/

a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes

From this reading “This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.”

culminated verb US /ˈkʌlməneɪtɪd/

past form of “culminate” — end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage

From this reading “It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.”

decade noun US /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading “It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.”

eighteenth adjective US /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading “The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.”

literacy noun US /ˈlɪtərəsi/

the ability to read and write

From this reading “This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.”

medieval adjective US /mɪˈdiːvəl/

relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages

From this reading “The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.”

radicalism noun US /ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm/

the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society

From this reading “This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.”

revival noun US /rɪˈvaɪvəl/

bringing again into activity and prominence

From this reading “The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In England the reaction was at first gradual, timid, and unconscious.

Augustans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

conservatismnounUS /kənˈsɜːrvətɪzəm/

a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

culminatedverbUS /ˈkʌlməneɪtɪd/

past form of “culminate” — end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

decadenounUS /deˈkeɪd/

a period of 10 years

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In England the reaction was at first gradual, timid, and unconscious.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

gradualadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading In England the reaction was at first gradual, timid, and unconscious.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

literacynounUS /ˈlɪtərəsi/

the ability to read and write

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

medievaladjectiveUS /mɪˈdiːvəl/

relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

MovementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

radicalismnounUS /ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm/

the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

reactionnounUS /riˈækʃən/

(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

revivalnounUS /rɪˈvaɪvəl/

bringing again into activity and prominence

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

RomanticadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

seventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

strangelyadverbUS /ˈstreɪndʒli/

in a strange manner

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

timidadjectiveUS /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading In England the reaction was at first gradual, timid, and unconscious.

unconsciousadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs/

not conscious; lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception as if asleep or dead

From this reading In England the reaction was at first gradual, timid, and unconscious.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Augustans The Romantic Movement in England was a part of the general European reaction against the spirit of the eighteenth century.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This began somewhat earlier in England than in Germany, and very much earlier than in France, where literacy conservatism went strangely hand in hand with political radicalism.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The medieval revival was only an incident--though a leading incident--of this movement; but it is the side of it with which the present work will mainly deal.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It did not reach importance until the seventh decade of the century, and culminated only in the early years of the nineteenth century.

Chapter 2 of A History of English Romanticism in by Henry A. (Henry Augustin) Beers holds 430 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of A History of English Romanticism in contain?

Chapter 2 holds 430 sentences of A History of English Romanticism in, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of A History of English Romanticism in by Henry A. (Henry Augustin) Beers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 430 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of A History of English Romanticism in?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in A History of English Romanticism in

Words and structures a reader meets early in A History of English Romanticism in, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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