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A History of Pendennis — Volume 1
A History of Pendennis — Volume 1

Chapter XXXIV

Chapter 34 of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
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WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.
Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.
"The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.
The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.
The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A History of Pendennis — Volume 1

Chapter XXXIV

Chapter 34 of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 is here in full — 167 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.
Line 2
Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.
Line 3
"The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.
/ðə ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈmɑːnɑːrki wɑːz ˌɪnˈsʌltɪd ðə ˈkæptən sed baɪ ə fərˈoʊʃəs rɪˈpʌblɪkən ˈræbəl/
Line 4
The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.
/ðə tʃɜːrtʃ wɑːz dɪˈzɜːrtɪd baɪ ˈenviəs dɪˈsent ənd ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd baɪ ˈstelθi ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/
Line 5
The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dissent noun US /dɪˈsent/

(law) the difference of one judge's opinion from that of the majority

From this reading “The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.”

infidelity noun US /ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/

the quality of being unfaithful

From this reading “The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.”

intestine noun US /ˌɪnˈtestən/

the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

From this reading “Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.”

menaced verb US /ˈmenəst/

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading “Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.”

prospectus noun US /prəˈspektəs/

a formal written offer to sell securities (filed with the SEC) that sets forth a plan for a (proposed) business enterprise

From this reading “Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.”

proudest adjective US /ˈpraʊdəst/

superlative of “proud” — feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading “The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.”

radicalism noun US /ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm/

the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society

From this reading “Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.”

undermined verb US /ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd/

past form of “undermine” — destroy property or hinder normal operations

From this reading “The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

strong enough adjective + noun

In this reading “The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.”

gave the signal verb + article + noun counted as “give … signal”

In this reading “The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.”

IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD preposition + article + noun counted as “in … neighborhood”

In this reading “WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.”

undermined by verb + particle counted as “undermine by”

In this reading “The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.”

too ignorant adverb + adjective

In this reading “The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.”

believed in verb + particle counted as “believe in”

have a firm conviction as to the goodness of something

In this reading “The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading "The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

artfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːrtfəl/

not straightforward or candid; giving a false appearance of frankness

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

assaultnounUS /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

bindingnounUS /ˈbaɪndɪŋ/

the capacity to attract and hold something

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

calumnies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

contumelynoun

a rude expression intended to offend or hurt

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

cotton-lords

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

defensenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

desertedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.

dissentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

(law) the difference of one judge's opinion from that of the majority

From this reading The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.

emphaticadjectiveUS /emˈfætɪk/

spoken with emphasis

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

enviousadjectiveUS /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

ferociousadjectiveUS /fərˈoʊʃəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading "The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

GentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

gloriousadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɔːriəs/

having or deserving or conferring glory

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

gulled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

HILLnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

hostilitynounUS /hɑːˈstɪləti/

a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

imprisonedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

infidelitynounUS /ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/

the quality of being unfaithful

From this reading The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

insultedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsʌltɪd/

past form of “insult” — treat, mention, or speak to rudely

From this reading "The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.

intestinenounUS /ˌɪnˈtestən/

the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

leadersnounUS /ˈliːdərz/

the body of people who lead a group

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

LUDGATE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

massesnounUS /ˈmæsəz/

the common people generally

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

menacedverbUS /ˈmenəst/

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

mill-owners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

monarchynounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrki/

an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority

From this reading "The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

NEIGHBORHOODnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

PASSEDverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

plundernounUS /ˈplʌn.dər/

Goods or treasure taken by force or theft, especially in war or banditry.

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

prospectusnounUS /prəˈspektəs/

a formal written offer to sell securities (filed with the SEC) that sets forth a plan for a (proposed) business enterprise

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

proudestadjectiveUS /ˈpraʊdəst/

superlative of “proud” — feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

rabblenounUS /ˈræbəl/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading "The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.

radicalismnounUS /ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm/

the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

republicannounUS /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

a member of the Republican Party

From this reading "The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.

revolutionsnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃənz/

plural of “revolution” — a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "The ancient monarchy was insulted," the captain said, "by a ferocious republican rabble.

sanctuarynounUS /ˈsæŋk.tʃu.er.i/

A place of safety, refuge, or holy retreat within the academy.

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

smartadjectiveUS /smɑːrt/

showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

stealthyadjectiveUS /ˈstelθi/

marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed

From this reading The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

stupidadjectiveUS /ˈstuːpəd/

lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

underminedverbUS /ˌʌndərˈmaɪnd/

past form of “undermine” — destroy property or hinder normal operations

From this reading The Church was deserted by envious dissent, and undermined by stealthy infidelity.

venerableadjectiveUS /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

WHICHpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading WHICH IS PASSED IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF LUDGATE HILL.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Our imprisoned captain announced, in smart and emphatic language in his prospectus, that the time had come at last when it was necessary for the gentlemen of England to band together in defense of their common rights and their glorious order, menaced on all sides by foreign revolutions, by intestine radicalism, by the artful calumnies of mill-owners and cotton-lords, and the stupid hostility of the masses whom they gulled and led.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The good institutions, which had made our country glorious, and the name of English Gentleman the proudest in the world, were left without defense, and exposed to assault and contumely from men to whom no sanctuary was sacred, for they believed in nothing holy; no history venerable, for they were too ignorant to have heard of the past; and no law was binding which they were strong enough to break, when their leaders gave the signal for plunder.

Chapter 34 of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 by William Makepeace Thackeray holds 167 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 34 holds 167 sentences of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 by William Makepeace Thackeray exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 167 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 by William Makepeace Thackeray on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1?

Yes. All 6897 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34922 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34922, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 take to read?

About 574 minutes of reading across 1380 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A History of Pendennis — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in A History of Pendennis — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pendennis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortunes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Misfortunes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of Pendennis — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.