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A House of Gentlefolk
A House of Gentlefolk

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A House of Gentlefolk is here in full — 39 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.
His parents were poor musicians.
His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.
At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.
He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants weddings, and at balls.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A House of Gentlefolk

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A House of Gentlefolk is here in full — 39 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.
Line 2
His parents were poor musicians.
/hɪz ˈperənts wɜːr puːr mjuːˈzɪʃənz/
Line 3
His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.
Line 4
At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.
/æt eɪt jɪrz oʊld hiː wɑːz left æn ˈɔːrfən ənd frʌm hɪz tenθ jɪr hiː bɪˈɡæn tuː ɜːrn hɪz bred baɪ hɪz ɑːrt/
Line 5
He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasantsweddings, and at balls.
/hiː led ə ˈwɑːndərɪŋ laɪf fɔːr ˈmeni jɪrz ənd pərˈfɔːrmd ˈevriwer ɪn ˈrestərɑːnts æt ferz æt ˈpezənts ˈwedɪŋz ənd æt bɔːlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fairs noun US /ferz/

plural of “fair” — a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc.

From this reading “He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.”

harp noun US /hɑːrp/

a chordophone that has a triangular frame consisting of a sounding board and a pillar and a curved neck; the strings stretched between the neck and the soundbox are plucked with the fingers

From this reading “His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.”

musicians noun US /mjuːˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “musician” — someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)

From this reading “His parents were poor musicians.”

orphan noun US /ˈɔːrfən/

a child who has lost both parents

From this reading “At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.”

restaurants noun US /ˈrestərɑːnts/

plural of “restaurant” — a building where people go to eat

From this reading “He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.”

Saxony noun US /ˈsæksəni/

an area in Germany around the upper Elbe river; the original home of the Saxons

From this reading “Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.”

tenth noun US /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading “At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.”

weddings noun US /ˈwedɪŋz/

plural of “wedding” — the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading “He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1786

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

ballsnounUS /bɔːlz/

plural of “ball” — round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

Chemnitznoun

a city in east central Germany; formerly called Karl-Marx-Stadt until 1990; noted for textile manufacturing

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

ChristophernounUS /ˈkrɪstəfər/

Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

earnverbUS /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

fairsnounUS /ferz/

plural of “fair” — a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc.

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

Gottlieb

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

harpnounUS /hɑːrp/

a chordophone that has a triangular frame consisting of a sounding board and a pillar and a curved neck; the strings stretched between the neck and the soundbox are plucked with the fingers

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His parents were poor musicians.

hornnounUS /hɔːrn/

a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

instrumentsnounUS /ˈɪnstrəmənts/

plural of “instrument” — a device that requires skill for proper use

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

Lemm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

musiciansnounUS /mjuːˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “musician” — someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)

From this reading His parents were poor musicians.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

orphannounUS /ˈɔːrfən/

a child who has lost both parents

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading His parents were poor musicians.

peasantsnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

playedadjectiveUS /pleɪd/

(of games) engaged in

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading His parents were poor musicians.

practising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

restaurantsnounUS /ˈrestərɑːnts/

plural of “restaurant” — a building where people go to eat

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

SaxonynounUS /ˈsæksəni/

an area in Germany around the upper Elbe river; the original home of the Saxons

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

tenthnounUS /tenθ/

a tenth part; one part in ten equal parts

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

Theodor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading His father played the French horn, his mother the harp; he himself was practising on three different instruments by the time he was five.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Christopher Theodor Gottlieb Lemm was born in 1786 in the town of Chemnitz in Saxony.

weddingsnounUS /ˈwedɪŋz/

plural of “wedding” — the social event at which the ceremony of marriage is performed

From this reading He led a wandering life for many years, and performed everywhere in restaurants, at fairs, at peasants’ weddings, and at balls.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His parents were poor musicians.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading At eight years old he was left an orphan, and from his tenth year he began to earn his bread by his art.

Chapter 4 of A House of Gentlefolk by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev holds 39 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A House of Gentlefolk contain?

Chapter 4 holds 39 sentences of A House of Gentlefolk, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A House of Gentlefolk by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 39 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A House of Gentlefolk?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A House of Gentlefolk

Common questions about reading A House of Gentlefolk by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A House of Gentlefolk?

Yes. All 3134 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5721 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A House of Gentlefolk is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5721, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A House of Gentlefolk take to read?

About 261 minutes of reading across 627 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A House of Gentlefolk section by section

How to work through A House of Gentlefolk section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of A House of Gentlefolk to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A House of Gentlefolk

Words and structures a reader meets early in A House of Gentlefolk, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Entered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A House of Gentlefolk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wearing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A House of Gentlefolk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Overcoat
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A House of Gentlefolk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rather
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A House of Gentlefolk; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.