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A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland
A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.
The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.
I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.
Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.
The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.
Line 2
The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.
Line 3
I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.
Line 4
Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.
Line 5
The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barefoot adjective US /ˈberfʊt/

without shoes

From this reading “The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.”

conveniences noun US /kənˈviːnjənsɪz/

things that make you comfortable and at ease

From this reading “I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.”

excelled verb US /ɪkˈseld/

inflected form of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading “I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.”

kail noun US /keɪl/

a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head

From this reading “How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.”

manual noun US /ˈmænjuːəl/

a small handbook

From this reading “I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.”

May's noun US /meɪz/

possessive form of “may” — the month following April and preceding June

seventeenth adjective US /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading “Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.”

Supplement noun US /ˈsʌpləmənt/

textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

barefootadjectiveUS /ˈberfʊt/

without shoes

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

conveniencesnounUS /kənˈviːnjənsɪz/

things that make you comfortable and at ease

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

cultivateverbUS /ˈkʌltəveɪt/

foster the growth of

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

Deliciae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

diligentlyadverbUS /ˈdɪlədʒəntli/

with diligence; in a diligent manner

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

elegancies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

excelledverbUS /ɪkˈseld/

inflected form of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

guessverbUS /ɡes/

expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

islandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

kailnounUS /keɪl/

a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

liberaladjectiveUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

manualnounUS /ˈmænjuːəl/

a small handbook

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

May'snounUS /meɪz/

possessive form of “may” — the month following April and preceding June

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

meanlyadverb

in a nasty ill-tempered manner

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

necessaries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

ornamentalnounUS /ˌɔːrnəˈmentəl/

any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

Poetarum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

politer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

revivalnounUS /rɪˈvaɪvəl/

bringing again into activity and prominence

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

Scotorum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

ScotsnounUS /skɑːts/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

seventeenthadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

shewverbUS /ʃuː/

establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

shoesnounUS /ʃuːz/

a particular situation

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

sparedverbUS /sperd/

past form of “spare” — refrain from harming

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

SupplementnounUS /ˈsʌpləmənt/

textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

tablesnounUS /ˈteɪbəlz/

plural of “table” — a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Literature soon after its revival found its way to Scotland, and from the middle of the sixteenth century, almost to the middle of the seventeenth, the politer studies were very diligently pursued.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading I know not whether it be not peculiar to the Scots to have attained the liberal, without the manual arts, to have excelled in ornamental knowledge, and to have wanted not only the elegancies, but the conveniences of common life.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading How they lived without kail, it is not easy to guess: They cultivate hardly any other plant for common tables, and when they had not kail they probably had nothing.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The Latin poetry of _Deliciae Poetarum Scotorum_ would have done honour to any nation, at least till the publication of _May's Supplement_ the English had very little to oppose.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The numbers that go barefoot are still sufficient to shew that shoes may be spared: They are not yet considered as necessaries of life; for tall boys, not otherwise meanly dressed, run without them in the streets; and in the islands the sons of gentlemen pass several of their first years with naked feet.

Chapter 3 of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland by Samuel Johnson holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland contain?

Chapter 3 holds 143 sentences of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland by Samuel Johnson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland

Common questions about reading A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland by Samuel Johnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland?

Yes. All 2156 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2064 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2064, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 179 minutes of reading across 432 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Desired
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Visit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hebrides
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Western
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.