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A journey to the world under-ground
A journey to the world under-ground

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of A journey to the world under-ground is here in full — 379 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.
By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.
But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.
But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.
The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A journey to the world under-ground

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of A journey to the world under-ground is here in full — 379 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.
Line 2
By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.
/baɪ ðiːz miːnz ðeɪ ɑːr ðə ˈʌmpaɪərz bɪˈtwiːn kənˈtendɪŋ ˈneɪʃənz ənd ðə ˈsevrəl ˈkɪŋdəmz ʌv ðɪs ɡloʊb səbˈmɪt tuː ðer maɪld ənd pəˈsɪfɪk sweɪ/
Line 3
But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.
Line 4
But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.
Line 5
The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bordering verb US /ˈbɔːrdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “border” — extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading “But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.”

branded adjective US /ˈbrændɪd/

(of goods and merchandise) marked or labeled by a distinctive word or symbol indicating exclusive rights

From this reading “The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.”

contending verb US /kənˈtendɪŋ/

-ing form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading “By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.”

Dominions noun US /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading “But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.”

imaginable adjective US /ˌɪˈmædʒənəbəl/

capable of being imagined

From this reading “The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.”

Infamy noun US /ˈɪnfəmi/

a state of extreme dishonor

From this reading “The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.”

Kingdoms noun US /ˈkɪŋdəmz/

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading “By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.”

Umpires noun US /ˈʌmpaɪərz/

plural of “umpire” — an official at a baseball game

From this reading “By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

declare War verb + noun

In this reading “The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.”

grew into verb + particle counted as “grow into”

In this reading “But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

above-mention'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

AffectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

AmbitionnounUS /æmˈbɪʃən/

a cherished desire

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

angryadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡri/

feeling or showing anger

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

borderingverbUS /ˈbɔːrdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “border” — extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

brandedadjectiveUS /ˈbrændɪd/

(of goods and merchandise) marked or labeled by a distinctive word or symbol indicating exclusive rights

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

CausenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

chang'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

ConquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

contendingverbUS /kənˈtendɪŋ/

-ing form of “contend” — maintain or assert

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

deceas'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

declar'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

declareverbUS /dɪˈkler/

state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

DominionsnounUS /dəˈmɪnjənz/

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

DreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

extendingverbUS /ɪkˈstendɪŋ/

-ing form of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

gain'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

GlobenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

IdeanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

imaginableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənəbəl/

capable of being imagined

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

IndifferentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt/

marked by a lack of interest

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

InfamynounUS /ˈɪnfəmi/

a state of extreme dishonor

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

JealousynounUS /ˈdʒeləsi/

a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival)

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

JusticenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

KingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

KingdomsnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəmz/

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

LovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

MeansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

MemorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

Mikleta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

mildadjectiveUS /maɪld/

moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

NameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

NationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

NeighboursnounUS /ˈneɪbərz/

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

pacificnounUS /pəˈsɪfɪk/

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

Potuans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

PrincesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

pushverbUS /pʊʃ/

move with force

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

regainverbUS /rɪˈɡeɪn/

get or find back; recover the use of

From this reading The _Potuans_ finding this, to regain the lost Affections of their angry Neighbours, branded the Memory of the deceas’d Prince with this Mark of Infamy.

RenownnounUS /rɪˈnaʊn/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

ReputationnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

seiz'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

subduedadjectiveUS /səbˈduːd/

in a softened tone

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

submitverbUS /səbˈmɪt/

refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

SwayverbUS /sweɪ/

move back and forth or sideways

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

TitlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

UmpiresnounUS /ˈʌmpaɪərz/

plural of “umpire” — an official at a baseball game

From this reading By these Means they are the Umpires between contending Nations, and the several Kingdoms of this Globe submit to their mild and pacific Sway.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But a Prince, by Name _Mikleta_, seiz’d with the Ambition of extending his Dominions, made War upon a neighbouring Kingdom, and subdued it.

vanish'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

Vigournoun

forceful exertion

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

warlikeadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːrlaɪk/

disposed to warfare or hard-line policies

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But as much as the victorious _Potuans_ gain’d by the Conquest, so much they lost of their ancient Renown; the Love of the bordering Nations was now chang’d into Dread and Jealousy; and that high Idea of their Justice, by which the State grew into Reputation, was now vanish’d.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Cause why one of the two Princes above-mention’d had the Title of _Indifferent_ given him, was this: The _Potuans_ are a brave and warlike People; they never declare War themselves, but if War be declar’d against them they push it with all imaginable Vigour.

Chapter 3 of A journey to the world under-ground by Ludvig Holberg holds 379 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of A journey to the world under-ground contain?

Chapter 3 holds 379 sentences of A journey to the world under-ground, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of A journey to the world under-ground by Ludvig Holberg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 379 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of A journey to the world under-ground?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A journey to the world under-ground

Common questions about reading A journey to the world under-ground by Ludvig Holberg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A journey to the world under-ground?

Yes. All 2718 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #77109 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A journey to the world under-ground is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #77109, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A journey to the world under-ground take to read?

About 226 minutes of reading across 544 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A journey to the world under-ground section by section

How to work through A journey to the world under-ground section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A journey to the world under-ground

Words and structures a reader meets early in A journey to the world under-ground, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Journey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A journey to the world under-ground; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A journey to the world under-ground; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Under-ground
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A journey to the world under-ground; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Nicholas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A journey to the world under-ground; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.