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A Laodicean : A Story of To-day
A Laodicean : A Story of To-day

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Laodicean : A Story of To-day
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.
Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.
The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.
The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.
They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Laodicean : A Story of To-day

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day is here in full — 184 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.
/ˈnoʊɪŋ ðɪs tuː biː ə ˈfɪkʃən ˈmɪsɪz ˈɡʊdmən meɪd noʊ rɪˈmɑːrk ənd ˈhiːrɪŋ ə slaɪt nɔɪz bɪˈhaɪnd tɜːrnd hɜːr hed/
Line 2
Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.
Line 3
The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.
Line 4
The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.
Line 5
They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ajar adjective US /əˈdʒɑːr/

slightly open

From this reading “The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.”

audible adjective US /ˈɑːdəbəl/

heard or perceptible by the ear

From this reading “The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.”

aunt's noun US /ænts/

possessive form of “aunt” — the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

fiction noun US /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading “Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.”

flinch verb US /flɪntʃ/

draw back, as with fear or pain

From this reading “They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.”

Goodman noun US /ˈɡʊdmən/

United States clarinetist who in 1934 formed a big band (including black as well as white musicians) and introduced a kind of jazz known as swing (1909-1986)

From this reading “Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.”

momentary adjective US /ˈmoʊmənteri/

lasting for a markedly brief time

From this reading “They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.”

unexpectedly adverb US /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/

in a way that was not expected

From this reading “They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

ajaradjectiveUS /əˈdʒɑːr/

slightly open

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.

altarnounUS /ˈɔːltər/

the table in Christian churches where communion is given

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

audibleadjectiveUS /ˈɑːdəbəl/

heard or perceptible by the ear

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

aunt'snounUS /ænts/

possessive form of “aunt” — the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle

From this reading Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

betrayedverbUS /bɪˈtreɪd/

past form of “betray” — reveal unintentionally

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

flinchverbUS /flɪntʃ/

draw back, as with fear or pain

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

GoodmannounUS /ˈɡʊdmən/

United States clarinetist who in 1934 formed a big band (including black as well as white musicians) and introduced a kind of jazz known as swing (1909-1986)

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

hearingnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋ/

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

hurtverbUS /hɜːrt/

be the source of pain

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

KnowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

momentaryadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊmənteri/

lasting for a markedly brief time

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

noisenounUS /nɔɪz/

sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

Paula

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.

Paula's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

remarknounUS /rɪˈmɑːrk/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.

SeeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Seeing her aunt’s action, Paula also looked round.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

Stancy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Knowing this to be a fiction, Mrs. Goodman made no remark, and hearing a slight noise behind, turned her head.

unexpectedlyadverbUS /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/

in a way that was not expected

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The door had been left ajar, and De Stancy was standing in the room.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They looked at each other much as if they had unexpectedly met at the altar; but after a momentary start Paula did not flinch from the position into which hurt pride had betrayed her.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The last words of Mrs. Goodman, and Paula’s reply, must have been quite audible to him.

Chapter 31 of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day by Thomas Hardy holds 184 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day contain?

Chapter 31 holds 184 sentences of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 184 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Laodicean : A Story of To-day

Common questions about reading A Laodicean : A Story of To-day by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 7249 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3258 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3258, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1450 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Laodicean : A Story of To-day

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Laodicean : A Story of To-day, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Changing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Order
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Manors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Laodicean : A Story of To-day; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.