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A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen
A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen is here in full — 456 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.
FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.
AUTHOR OF 'THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND,' ETC., ETC.
BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.
JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen is here in full — 456 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/91 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.
Line 2
FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.
Line 3
AUTHOR OF 'THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND,' ETC., ETC.
Line 4
BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.
Line 5
JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
/dʒɑːn tʃaɪldz ənd sʌn ˈprɪntərz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

andrew's noun US /ˈændruːz/

possessive form of “andrew” — (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading “FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.”

characteristics noun US /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks/

plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading “AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.”

childs noun US /tʃaɪldz/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading “JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.”

logic noun US /ˈlɑːdʒɪk/

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading “FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.”

metaphysics noun US /ˌmetəˈfɪzɪks/

the philosophical study of being and knowing

From this reading “FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.”

printers noun US /ˈprɪntərz/

plural of “printer” — someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading “JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.”

rhetoric noun US /ˈretərɪk/

using language effectively to please or persuade

From this reading “FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.”

supremacy noun US /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading “AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.”

All words in this reading · 44

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1876

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

57

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

59

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

AFTERWARDSadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

ANDREW'SnounUS /ˈændruːz/

possessive form of “andrew” — (New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

AUTHORnounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

CHARACTERISTICSnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks/

plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

CHILDSnounUS /tʃaɪldz/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.

COnounUS /koʊ/

an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

EDINBURGHnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

ENGLISHnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

ETC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

FORMERLYadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

HILLnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

HISTORYnounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.

LITERATUREnounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

LOGICnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪk/

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

LUDGATE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

METAPHYSICSnounUS /ˌmetəˈfɪzɪks/

the philosophical study of being and knowing

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

PRINTERSnounUS /ˈprɪntərz/

plural of “printer” — someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.

PROFESSORnounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

RHETORICnounUS /ˈretərɪk/

using language effectively to please or persuade

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

SCOTLANDnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading AUTHOR OF 'THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND,' ETC., ETC.

SECRETnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

SHAKSPERE'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

SONnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.

ST

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

STYLEnounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

SUPREMACYnounUS /səˈpreməsi/

power to dominate or defeat

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AND ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHAKSPERE'S STYLE AND THE SECRET OF HIS SUPREMACY.

TRÜBNER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57, 59, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C., 1876.

UNIVERSITYnounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF RHETORIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND AFTERWARDS PROFESSOR OF LOGIC, RHETORIC, AND METAPHYSICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREW'S; AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE,' ETC., ETC.

Chapter 1 of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen by William Spalding holds 456 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen contain?

Chapter 1 holds 456 sentences of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen by William Spalding exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 456 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #35631, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 177 minutes of reading across 427 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Characteristics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shakspere's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Style
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Secret
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Letter on Shakspere's Authorship of The Two Noble Kinsmen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.