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A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits
A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits is here in full — 462 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/92 · 5 lines
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BY SIDNEY LEE.
_Printed November_ 1898 (_First Edition_).
This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'
But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.
In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits is here in full — 462 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BY SIDNEY LEE.
/baɪ ˈsɪdni liː/
Line 2
_Printed November_ 1898 (_First Edition_).
Line 3
This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'
Line 4
But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.
/bʌt ðə ˈtʃeɪndʒəz ənd əˈdɪʃənz wɪtʃ ðə ˈɑːrtəkəl hæz ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ riˈvɪʒən ʌv ɪt fɔːr ˈsepəreɪt ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən ɑːr soʊ ˈnuːmərəs æz tuː ɡɪv ðə bʊk ə ˈtaɪtəl tuː biː rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd æz æn ˌɪndɪˈpendənt ˈventʃər/
Line 5
In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

additions noun US /əˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “addition” — a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading “But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.”

adhere verb US /ədˈhɪr/

be compatible or in accordance with

From this reading “In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'”

aims noun US /eɪmz/

plural of “aim” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading “In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'”

Biography noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading “This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'”

inherent adjective US /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading “In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'”

loyally adverb US /ˈlɔɪəli/

with loyalty; in a loyal manner

From this reading “In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'”

revision noun US /riˈvɪʒən/

the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification)

From this reading “But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.”

sidney noun US /ˈsɪdni/

English poet (1554-1586)

From this reading “BY SIDNEY LEE.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1898

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Printed November_ 1898 (_First Edition_).

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

additionsnounUS /əˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “addition” — a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

adhereverbUS /ədˈhɪr/

be compatible or in accordance with

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

aimsnounUS /eɪmz/

plural of “aim” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

basedadjectiveUS /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

BiographynounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BY SIDNEY LEE.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

contributedverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪd/

past form of “contribute” — bestow a quality on

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

DictionarynounUS /ˈdɪkʃəneri/

a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

EditionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading _Printed November_ 1898 (_First Edition_).

endeavours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

fifty-first

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading _Printed November_ 1898 (_First Edition_).

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

independentadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

free from external control and constraint

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

inherentadjectiveUS /ɪnˈhɪrənt/

existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

LEEnounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading BY SIDNEY LEE.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

loyallyadverbUS /ˈlɔɪəli/

with loyalty; in a loyal manner

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

NationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading _Printed November_ 1898 (_First Edition_).

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

PrintedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading _Printed November_ 1898 (_First Edition_).

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

revisionnounUS /riˈvɪʒən/

the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification)

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

separateverbUS /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

ShakespearenounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

SIDNEYnounUS /ˈsɪdni/

English poet (1554-1586)

From this reading BY SIDNEY LEE.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In its general aims, however, the present life of Shakespeare endeavours loyally to adhere to the principles that are inherent in the scheme of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

undergoneverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading But the changes and additions which the article has undergone during my revision of it for separate publication are so numerous as to give the book a title to be regarded as an independent venture.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading This work is based on the article on Shakespeare which I contributed last year to the fifty-first volume of the 'Dictionary of National Biography.'

Chapter 1 of A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits by Sidney, Sir Lee holds 462 sentences, grouped into 93 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits contain?

Chapter 1 holds 462 sentences of A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits, unabridged, divided into 93 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits by Sidney, Sir Lee exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 462 sentences, grouped into 93 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Life of William Shakespeare with portraits?

Work through the 93 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 93 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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