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A Lincoln Conscript
A Lincoln Conscript

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Lincoln Conscript is here in full — 243 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
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“THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.
Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.
There was little to hinder his advance.
Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.
York and Carlisle were in their grasp.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A Lincoln Conscript

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Lincoln Conscript is here in full — 243 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.
Line 2
Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.
/leɪt ɪn ðə priˈsiːdɪŋ mʌnθ liː hæd tɜːrnd hɪz feɪs ˈnɔːrθwərd ənd wɪð æn ˈɑːrmi ʌv ə ˈhʌndrəd ˈθaʊzənd kənˈfedərət ˈsoʊldʒərz æt hɪz bæk hæd mɑːrtʃt ʌp ˈɪntuː ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə/
Line 3
There was little to hinder his advance.
/ðer wɑːz ˈlɪtəl tuː ˈhɪndər hɪz ədˈvæns/
Line 4
Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.
/rɪˈfreɪnɪŋ baɪ ˈriːzən ʌv strɪkt ˈɔːrdərz frʌm ˈwɔːntən dɪˈstrʌkʃən ʌv ˈprɑːpərti hɪz ˈsoʊldʒərz ˌnevərðəˈles lɪvd ɑːn ðə rɪtʃ ˈkʌntri θruː wɪtʃ ðeɪ pæst/
Line 5
York and Carlisle were in their grasp.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Confederate noun US /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading “Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.”

hinder verb US /ˈhɪndər/

be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading “There was little to hinder his advance.”

northward adverb US /ˈnɔːrθwərd/

in a northern direction

From this reading “Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.”

Pennsylvania noun US /ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.”

preceding adjective US /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading “Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.”

Refraining verb US /rɪˈfreɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “refrain” — resist doing something

From this reading “Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.”

strict adjective US /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading “Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.”

wanton verb US /ˈwɔːntən/

waste time; spend one's time idly or inefficiently

From this reading “Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Civil War adjective + noun

a war between factions in the same country

In this reading ““THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.”

hundred thousand noun + noun

the cardinal number that is the fifth power of ten

In this reading “Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.”

strict orders adjective + noun counted as “strict order”

In this reading “Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.”

second day noun + noun

In this reading ““THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.”

by reason preposition + noun

In this reading “Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.”

lived on verb + particle counted as “live on”

continue to live and avoid dying

In this reading “Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1863

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading There was little to hinder his advance.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

Carlisle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading York and Carlisle were in their grasp.

CiviladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

ConfederatenounUS /kənˈfedərət/

a supporter of the Confederate States of America

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

FATHERSnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

graspverbUS /ɡræsp/

hold firmly

From this reading York and Carlisle were in their grasp.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

hinderverbUS /ˈhɪndər/

be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading There was little to hinder his advance.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

LateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

LeenounUS /liː/

United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of black culture in America (born in 1957)

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There was little to hinder his advance.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

neverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

northwardadverbUS /ˈnɔːrθwərd/

in a northern direction

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

PennsylvanianounUS /ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

RefrainingverbUS /rɪˈfreɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “refrain” — resist doing something

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

SINSnounUS /sɪnz/

plural of “sin” — estrangement from god

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading York and Carlisle were in their grasp.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was little to hinder his advance.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was little to hinder his advance.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

wantonverbUS /ˈwɔːntən/

waste time; spend one's time idly or inefficiently

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading York and Carlisle were in their grasp.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Refraining, by reason of strict orders, from wanton destruction of property, his soldiers nevertheless lived on the rich country through which they passed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Late in the preceding month Lee had turned his face northward, and, with an army of a hundred thousand Confederate soldiers at his back, had marched up into Pennsylvania.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading “THE SINS OF THE FATHERS” On the second day of July in the year 1863 the Civil War in America was at its height.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading York and Carlisle were in their grasp.

Chapter 1 of A Lincoln Conscript by Homer Greene holds 243 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Lincoln Conscript contain?

Chapter 1 holds 243 sentences of A Lincoln Conscript, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Lincoln Conscript by Homer Greene exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 243 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Lincoln Conscript?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Lincoln Conscript

Common questions about reading A Lincoln Conscript by Homer Greene on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Lincoln Conscript?

Yes. All 2726 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49677 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Lincoln Conscript is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49677, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Lincoln Conscript take to read?

About 227 minutes of reading across 546 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Lincoln Conscript section by section

How to work through A Lincoln Conscript section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in A Lincoln Conscript

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Lincoln Conscript, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fathers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Lincoln Conscript; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Second
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Lincoln Conscript; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Civil
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Lincoln Conscript; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Lincoln Conscript; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.