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A Modern Chronicle — Complete
A Modern Chronicle — Complete

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Modern Chronicle — Complete is here in full — 359 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.
For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.
Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.
George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.
Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Modern Chronicle — Complete

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Modern Chronicle — Complete is here in full — 359 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.
/tuː mɔːr jɪrz hæv ɡɔːn baɪ ˈlɪmpɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsʌmər ənd ˈflaɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər tuː mɔːr jɪrz ʌv ˈkɑːnkwests/
Line 2
For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.
Line 3
Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.
Line 4
George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.
Line 5
Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apparel noun US /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading “Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.”

bystanders noun US /ˈbaɪstændərz/

plural of “bystander” — a nonparticipant spectator

From this reading “For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.”

Cartwright noun US /ˈkɑːrtraɪt/

English clergyman who invented the power loom (1743-1823)

From this reading “George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.”

conquests noun US /ˈkɑːnkwests/

plural of “conquest” — the act of conquering

From this reading “Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.”

Easter noun US /ˈiːstər/

a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox

From this reading “Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.”

Hopper noun US /ˈhɑːpər/

funnel-shaped receptacle; contents pass by gravity into a receptacle below

From this reading “George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.”

limping noun US /ˈlɪmpɪŋ/

disability of walking due to crippling of the legs or feet

From this reading “Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.”

lists noun US /lɪsts/

plural of “list” — a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

From this reading “Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

Algernon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

apparelnounUS /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

ArrayedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪd/

in ceremonial attire and paraphernalia

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

bystandersnounUS /ˈbaɪstændərz/

plural of “bystander” — a nonparticipant spectator

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

CartwrightnounUS /ˈkɑːrtraɪt/

English clergyman who invented the power loom (1743-1823)

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

Christmas-tide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

collegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

conquestsnounUS /ˈkɑːnkwests/

plural of “conquest” — the act of conquering

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

daughtersnounUS /ˈdɔːtərz/

plural of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

debarred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

Dwyer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

EasternounUS /ˈiːstər/

a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

Eliphalet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

Erwin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

familiarlyadverb

in an intimately familiar manner

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

gentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

GuynounUS /ɡaɪ/

an informal term for a youth or man

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

Hanbury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

HelennounUS /ˈhelən/

(Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

heroinenounUS /ˈheroʊən/

the main good female character in a work of fiction

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

Honora

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

HoppernounUS /ˈhɑːpər/

funnel-shaped receptacle; contents pass by gravity into a receptacle below

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

Hoppy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

lances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

limpingnounUS /ˈlɪmpɪŋ/

disability of walking due to crippling of the legs or feet

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

listsnounUS /lɪsts/

plural of “list” — a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

luxuriousadjectiveUS /ləɡˈʒɜːriəs/

displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

memoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

playedadjectiveUS /pleɪd/

(of games) engaged in

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

Rossiter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

Solomonproper nounUS /ˈsɒl.ə.mən/

A legendary king renowned for his wisdom and fabulous hidden mines.

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading For our heroine appears to be one of the daughters of Helen, born to make trouble for warriors and others--and even for innocent bystanders like Peter Erwin.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Peter was debarred from entering those brilliant lists in which apparel played so great a part.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading Arrayed like Solomon in wonderful clothes from the mysterious and luxurious East, they returned at Christmas-tide and Easter from college to break lances over Honora.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Two more years have gone by, limping in the summer and flying in the winter, two more years of conquests.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading George Hanbury, Guy Rossiter, Algernon Cartwright, Eliphalet Hopper Dwyer--familiarly known as "Hoppy"--and other young gentlemen whose names are now but memories, each had his brief day of triumph.

Chapter 4 of A Modern Chronicle — Complete by Winston Churchill holds 359 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Modern Chronicle — Complete contain?

Chapter 4 holds 359 sentences of A Modern Chronicle — Complete, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Modern Chronicle — Complete by Winston Churchill exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 359 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Modern Chronicle — Complete?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Modern Chronicle — Complete

Common questions about reading A Modern Chronicle — Complete by Winston Churchill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Modern Chronicle — Complete?

Yes. All 10653 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5382 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Modern Chronicle — Complete is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5382, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Modern Chronicle — Complete take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2131 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Modern Chronicle — Complete section by section

How to work through A Modern Chronicle — Complete section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of A Modern Chronicle — Complete to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Modern Chronicle — Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Modern Chronicle — Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Saint
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Modern Chronicle — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Louis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Modern Chronicle — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Called
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Modern Chronicle — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dealers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Modern Chronicle — Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.