Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Mortal Antipathy
A Mortal Antipathy

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of A Mortal Antipathy is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Mortal Antipathy
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.
It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.
Between it and the brain there is the closest relation.
The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.
This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Mortal Antipathy

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of A Mortal Antipathy is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.
/ðə hɑːrt ɪz ə ɡreɪt ˈrezəvwɑːr wɪtʃ dɪˈstrɪbjuːts fuːd drɪŋk er ənd hiːt tuː ˈevəri pɑːrt ʌv ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪn ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ fɔːr ɪts weɪst məˈtɪriəl/
Line 2
It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.
/ɪt nɑːks æt ðə ɡeɪt ʌv ˈevəri ˈɔːrɡən ˈsevənti ɔːr ˈeɪti taɪmz ɪn ə ˈmɪnət ˈkɔːlɪŋ əˈpɑːn ɪt tuː rəˈsiːv ɪts səˈplaɪz ənd ənˈloʊd ɪts rəˈfjuːz/
Line 3
Between it and the brain there is the closest relation.
/bɪˈtwiːn ɪt ənd ðə breɪn ðer ɪz ðə ˈkloʊsəst riˈleɪʃən/
Line 4
The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.
/ðə ɪˈmoʊʃənz wɪtʃ ækt əˈpɑːn ɪt æz wiː hæv siːn ˈɡʌvərn ɪt baɪ ə ˈmekənɪzəm ˈoʊnli ʌv leɪt jɪrz ˈθɜːroʊli ˌʌndərˈstʊd/
Line 5
This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.
/ðɪs ˈmekənɪzəm kæn biː meɪd pleɪn ɪˈnʌf tuː ðə ˈriːdər huː ɪz nɑːt əˈfreɪd tuː bɪˈliːv ðæt hiː kæn ˌʌndərˈstænd ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

closest adverb US /ˈkloʊsəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading “Between it and the brain there is the closest relation.”

distributes verb US /dɪˈstrɪbjuːts/

third-person singular of “distribute” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading ““The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.”

govern verb US /ˈɡʌvərn/

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading “The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.”

knocks noun US /nɑːks/

plural of “knock” — the sound of knocking (as on a door or in an engine or bearing)

From this reading “It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.”

mechanism noun US /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading “The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.”

reservoir noun US /ˈrezəvwɑːr/

a large or extra supply of something

From this reading ““The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.”

supplies noun US /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading “It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.”

unload verb US /ənˈloʊd/

remove (cargo, people, etc.) from and leave

From this reading “It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

BetweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Between it and the brain there is the closest relation.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading Between it and the brain there is the closest relation.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

callingnounUS /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

closestadverbUS /ˈkloʊsəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading Between it and the brain there is the closest relation.

distributesverbUS /dɪˈstrɪbjuːts/

third-person singular of “distribute” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

eightyadjectiveUS /ˈeɪti/

being ten more than seventy

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

emotionsnounUS /ɪˈmoʊʃənz/

plural of “emotion” — any strong feeling

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

exchangenounUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

governverbUS /ˈɡʌvərn/

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

knocksnounUS /nɑːks/

plural of “knock” — the sound of knocking (as on a door or in an engine or bearing)

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

mechanismnounUS /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

minutenounUS /ˈmɪnət/

a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

organnounUS /ˈɔːrɡən/

a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

refuseverbUS /rəˈfjuːz/

show unwillingness towards

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading Between it and the brain there is the closest relation.

reservoirnounUS /ˈrezəvwɑːr/

a large or extra supply of something

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

seventyadjectiveUS /ˈsevənti/

being ten more than sixty

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Between it and the brain there is the closest relation.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

unloadverbUS /ənˈloʊd/

remove (cargo, people, etc.) from and leave

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It knocks at the gate of every organ seventy or eighty times in a minute, calling upon it to receive its supplies and unload its refuse.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “The heart is a great reservoir, which distributes food, drink, air, and heat to every part of the system, in exchange for its waste material.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading This mechanism can be made plain enough to the reader who is not afraid to believe that he can understand it.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The emotions, which act upon it as we have seen, govern it by a mechanism only of late years thoroughly understood.

Chapter 20 of A Mortal Antipathy by Oliver Wendell Holmes holds 163 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of A Mortal Antipathy contain?

Chapter 20 holds 163 sentences of A Mortal Antipathy, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of A Mortal Antipathy by Oliver Wendell Holmes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 163 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of A Mortal Antipathy?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Mortal Antipathy

Common questions about reading A Mortal Antipathy by Oliver Wendell Holmes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Mortal Antipathy?

Yes. All 3910 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2698 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Mortal Antipathy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2698, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Mortal Antipathy take to read?

About 325 minutes of reading across 782 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Mortal Antipathy section by section

How to work through A Mortal Antipathy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of A Mortal Antipathy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Mortal Antipathy

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Mortal Antipathy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Butts's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Mortal Antipathy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Patient
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Mortal Antipathy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Xviii
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Mortal Antipathy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Maurice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Mortal Antipathy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.