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A Natural History for Young People
A Natural History for Young People

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of A Natural History for Young People is here in full — 427 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.
Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.
The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.
Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.
Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Natural History for Young People

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of A Natural History for Young People is here in full — 427 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.
/ɪt ɪz nɑːt æn ənˈkɑːmən θɪŋ fɔːr waɪt berz tuː drɪft aʊt tuː siː ɑːn ˈfloʊtɪŋ ˈaɪsbərɡz wen ðeɪ bɪˈkʌm rəˈduːst tuː ðə moʊst ˈfraɪtfəl dɪˈstres frʌm ˈhʌŋɡər/
Line 2
Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.
/ˈfeɪtəli kənˈfaɪnd tuː ðer ˈaɪsi ræft ənd ˈʌtərli dɪˈvɔɪd ʌv ɔːl miːnz ʌv səbˈsɪstəns ðeɪ ˈʌltəmətli əˈtæk ənd dɪˈvaʊər wʌn əˈnʌðər/
Line 3
The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.
/ðə waɪt ɔːr ˈpoʊlər ber ˈɔːfən əˈteɪnz ə leŋkθ ʌv naɪn fiːt/
Line 4
Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.
Line 5
Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attains verb US /əˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “attain” — to gain with effort

From this reading “The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.”

carnivorous adjective US /kɑːrˈnɪvərəs/

relating to or characteristic of carnivores

From this reading “Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.”

enabling adjective US /eˈneɪbəlɪŋ/

providing legal power or sanction

From this reading “Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.”

Fatally adverb US /ˈfeɪtəli/

with fatal consequences or implications

From this reading “Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.”

icebergs noun US /ˈaɪsbərɡz/

plural of “iceberg” — a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier

From this reading “It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.”

Polar adjective US /ˈpoʊlər/

having a pair of equal and opposite charges

From this reading “The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.”

soles noun US /soʊlz/

plural of “sol” — a colloid that has a continuous liquid phase in which a solid is suspended in a liquid

From this reading “Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.”

subsistence noun US /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading “Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

utterly devoid adverb + adjective

In this reading “Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.”

uncommon thing adjective + noun

In this reading “It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.”

most frightful adverb + adjective

In this reading “It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.”

nine feet noun + noun counted as “nine foot”

In this reading “The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.”

all means adjective + noun

In this reading “Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.”

for hours preposition + noun

In this reading “Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

attainsverbUS /əˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “attain” — to gain with effort

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

BearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

BearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

carnivorousadjectiveUS /kɑːrˈnɪvərəs/

relating to or characteristic of carnivores

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

cladadjectiveUS /klæd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

clawsnounUS /klɔːz/

plural of “claw” — sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

contrives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

devoidadjectiveUS /dɪˈvɔɪd/

completely wanting or lacking

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

devourverbUS /dɪˈvaʊər/

destroy completely

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

dietnounUS /ˈdaɪət/

a prescribed selection of foods

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

driftverbUS /drɪft/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

enablingadjectiveUS /eˈneɪbəlɪŋ/

providing legal power or sanction

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

FatallyadverbUS /ˈfeɪtəli/

with fatal consequences or implications

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

fittingadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtɪŋ/

in harmony with the spirit of particular persons or occasion

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

floatingadjectiveUS /ˈfloʊtɪŋ/

borne up by or suspended in a liquid

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

floes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

frightfuladjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtfəl/

provoking horror

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

hungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

icebergsnounUS /ˈaɪsbərɡz/

plural of “iceberg” — a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

icyadjectiveUS /ˈaɪsi/

devoid of warmth and cordiality; expressive of unfriendliness or disdain

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

patientlyadverbUS /ˈpeɪʃəntli/

with patience; in a patient manner

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

PolaradjectiveUS /ˈpoʊlər/

having a pair of equal and opposite charges

From this reading The White or Polar Bear often attains a length of nine feet.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

PurelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

raftnounUS /ræft/

a flat float (usually made of logs or planks) that can be used for transport or as a platform for swimmers

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

SealsnounUS /siːlz/

plural of “seal” — fastener consisting of a resinous composition that is plastic when warm; used for sealing documents and parcels and letters

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

slipperyadjectiveUS /ˈslɪpəri/

causing or tending to cause things to slip or slide

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

solesnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “sol” — a colloid that has a continuous liquid phase in which a solid is suspended in a liquid

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

subsistencenounUS /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

subsists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

trapnounUS /træp/

a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

treadverbUS /tred/

put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

ultimatelyadverbUS /ˈʌltəmətli/

as the end result of a succession or process

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

uncommonadjectiveUS /ənˈkɑːmən/

not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

utterlyadverbUS /ˈʌtərli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Fatally confined to their icy raft, and utterly devoid of all means of subsistence, they ultimately attack and devour one another.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Purely carnivorous in its diet, the Polar Bear subsists chiefly on the Seals it contrives to trap by watching their breathing holes patiently for hours, or it may be for days together.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

WhitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading It is not an uncommon thing for White Bears to drift out to sea on floating icebergs, when they become reduced to the most frightful distress from hunger.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Its huge limbs and powerful claws are developed in fitting proportion to the massive body; and the soles of its feet are clad with hair, enabling it to tread with safety on the slippery ice floes, where it finds a home.

Chapter 2 of A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys holds 427 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of A Natural History for Young People contain?

Chapter 2 holds 427 sentences of A Natural History for Young People, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 427 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of A Natural History for Young People?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Natural History for Young People

Common questions about reading A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Natural History for Young People?

Yes. All 3790 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Natural History for Young People is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Natural History for Young People take to read?

About 315 minutes of reading across 758 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Natural History for Young People section by section

How to work through A Natural History for Young People section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of A Natural History for Young People to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Natural History for Young People

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Natural History for Young People, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Natural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.