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A Natural History for Young People
A Natural History for Young People

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of A Natural History for Young People is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Natural History for Young People
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.
These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.
These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.
THE HYENA DOG.
The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Natural History for Young People

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of A Natural History for Young People is here in full — 431 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.
/ðen wiː hæv ə klæs ʌv dɑːɡz dɪˈstɪŋkt frʌm ðiːz frendz ənd ˈsɜːrvənts ʌv ˈmænˈkaɪnd/
Line 2
These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.
Line 3
These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.
Line 4
THE HYENA DOG.
/ðə haɪˈiːnə dɔːɡ/
Line 5
The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

classed verb US /klæst/

past form of “class” — arrange or order by classes or categories

From this reading “The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.”

Dingo noun US /ˈdɪŋɡoʊ/

wolflike yellowish-brown wild dog of Australia

From this reading “These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.”

Gazelles noun US /ɡəˈzelz/

plural of “gazelle” — small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes

From this reading “These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.”

genus noun US /ˈdʒiːnəs/

a general kind of something

From this reading “The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.”

hyena noun US /haɪˈiːnə/

doglike nocturnal mammal of Africa and southern Asia that feeds chiefly on carrion

From this reading “THE HYENA DOG.”

Maroon verb US /mərˈuːn/

leave stranded or isolated with little hope of rescue

From this reading “These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.”

pursues verb US /pərˈsuːz/

third-person singular of “pursue” — carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading “These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.”

Sumatra noun US /ˌsuːˈmɑːtrə/

a mountainous island in western Indonesia

From this reading “These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

various parts adjective + noun

In this reading “These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.”

domestic animals adjective + noun counted as “domestic animal”

any of various animals that have been tamed and made fit for a human environment

In this reading “These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.”

Wild Dog adjective + noun

any of various undomesticated mammals of the family Canidae that are thought to resemble domestic dogs as distinguished from jackals or wolves

In this reading “These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.”

of mankind preposition + noun

In this reading “Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.”

fight with verb + particle

In this reading “These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

classedverbUS /klæst/

past form of “class” — arrange or order by classes or categories

From this reading The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

collectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

DeernounUS /dɪr/

distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

destructiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

Dhale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

DingonounUS /ˈdɪŋɡoʊ/

wolflike yellowish-brown wild dog of Australia

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

DognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

DogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

GazellesnounUS /ɡəˈzelz/

plural of “gazelle” — small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

genusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnəs/

a general kind of something

From this reading The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

globenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

half-wild

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

HollandnounUS /ˈhɑːlənd/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

HopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

HYENAnounUS /haɪˈiːnə/

doglike nocturnal mammal of Africa and southern Asia that feeds chiefly on carrion

From this reading THE HYENA DOG.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

LionnounUS /ˈlaɪən/

large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

mankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

MaroonverbUS /mərˈuːn/

leave stranded or isolated with little hope of rescue

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

packsnounUS /pæks/

plural of “pack” — a large indefinite number

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

pursuesverbUS /pərˈsuːz/

third-person singular of “pursue” — carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

SumatranounUS /ˌsuːˈmɑːtrə/

a mountainous island in western Indonesia

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

TigernounUS /ˈtaɪɡər/

a fierce or audacious person

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The Hyena Dog might be classed with these wild and half-wild Dogs, although it is usually given a distinct genus.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Then we have a class of Dogs distinct from these friends and servants of mankind.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading These live either entirely wild or half-wild, and are scattered over various parts of the globe.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading These are the Dingo, or New Holland Dog, which is very destructive to domestic animals, and even to cattle; the Dhale, or East Indian Dog, which in packs, pursues Deer, Gazelles, etc., and which, when collected in troops, does not fear to fight with the Lion or Tiger; the Wild Dog of Sumatra; the Cape of Good Hope Dog and the Maroon Dog of America.

Chapter 3 of A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys holds 431 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of A Natural History for Young People contain?

Chapter 3 holds 431 sentences of A Natural History for Young People, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 431 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of A Natural History for Young People?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Natural History for Young People

Common questions about reading A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Natural History for Young People?

Yes. All 3790 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Natural History for Young People is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Natural History for Young People take to read?

About 315 minutes of reading across 758 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Natural History for Young People section by section

How to work through A Natural History for Young People section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of A Natural History for Young People to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Natural History for Young People

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Natural History for Young People, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Natural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.