Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Natural History for Young People
A Natural History for Young People

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Natural History for Young People is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Natural History for Young People
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.
They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.
Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.
The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.
The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Natural History for Young People

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Natural History for Young People is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.
Line 2
They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.
/ðeɪ ɑːr ˈneɪtɪvz ʌv ðə oʊld wɜːrld ɪkˈskluːsɪvli ˈɪndiə ənd ðə ˈmeɪleɪ aɪlz ðə saʊθ ʌv ˈtʃaɪnə ənd ə ɡreɪt pɑːrt ʌv ˈæfrəkɑː ɑːr ðə ˈriːdʒənz ɪn wɪtʃ ðeɪ ɑːr ˈjuːʒəwəli faʊnd/
Line 3
Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.
Line 4
The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.
Line 5
The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.
/ðə ˈbɜːroʊz ɑːr ˈjuːʒəwəli meɪd ɪn laɪt sɔɪl ɑːn ðə sloʊp ʌv ə hɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

burrows noun US /ˈbɜːroʊz/

plural of “burrow” — a hole made by an animal, usually for shelter

From this reading “The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.”

colossal adjective US /kəˈlɑːsəl/

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

From this reading “The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.”

exceed verb US /ɪkˈsiːd/

be greater in scope or size than some standard

From this reading “The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.”

hollows noun US /ˈhɑːloʊz/

plural of “hollow” — a cavity or space in something

From this reading “The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.”

Isles noun US /aɪlz/

plural of “isle” — a small island

From this reading “They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.”

Lizards noun US /ˈlɪzərdz/

plural of “lizard” — relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail

From this reading “Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.”

Malay noun US /ˈmeɪleɪ/

a member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago

From this reading “They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.”

nourish verb US /ˈnɜːrɪʃ/

provide with nourishment

From this reading “Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

medium size noun + noun

In this reading “The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.”

warm blood adjective + noun

In this reading “Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.”

look at verb + particle

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.”

first sight adjective + noun

In this reading “Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.”

on the slope preposition + article + noun counted as “on … slope”

In this reading “The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.”

rest of verb + particle

In this reading “Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.”

great part adjective + noun

In this reading “They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.”

Old World adjective + noun

the regions of the world that were known to Europeans before the discovery of the Americas

In this reading “They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

burrowsnounUS /ˈbɜːroʊz/

plural of “burrow” — a hole made by an animal, usually for shelter

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

ChinanounUS /ˈtʃaɪnə/

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

colossaladjectiveUS /kəˈlɑːsəl/

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

exceedverbUS /ɪkˈsiːd/

be greater in scope or size than some standard

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

exclusivelyadverbUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/

without any others being included or involved

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

heavy-bodied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.

hollowsnounUS /ˈhɑːloʊz/

plural of “hollow” — a cavity or space in something

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

IslesnounUS /aɪlz/

plural of “isle” — a small island

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

LizardsnounUS /ˈlɪzərdz/

plural of “lizard” — relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.

MalaynounUS /ˈmeɪleɪ/

a member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

Mammalianoun

warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands in the female

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

nourishverbUS /ˈnɜːrɪʃ/

provide with nourishment

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

Pangolinnoun

toothless mammal of southern Africa and Asia having a body covered with horny scales and a long snout for feeding on ants and termites

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

Pangolins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading The burrows are usually made in light soil on the slope of a hill.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The Pangolin lives in burrows in the earth, or sometimes in the large hollows of colossal trees which have fallen to the ground.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading They are natives of the Old World exclusively; India and the Malay Isles, the south of China, and a great part of Africa, are the regions in which they are usually found.

yardnounUS /jɑːrd/

a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading The Pangolins are of medium size; they never exceed a yard in length.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Although the animals look at first sight like curious, heavy-bodied Lizards, they have warm blood, and nourish their young like the rest of the Mammalia.

Chapter 4 of A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys holds 432 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Natural History for Young People contain?

Chapter 4 holds 432 sentences of A Natural History for Young People, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 432 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Natural History for Young People?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Natural History for Young People

Common questions about reading A Natural History for Young People by Phebe Westcott, -1939 Humphreys on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Natural History for Young People?

Yes. All 3790 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50776 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Natural History for Young People is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50776, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Natural History for Young People take to read?

About 315 minutes of reading across 758 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Natural History for Young People section by section

How to work through A Natural History for Young People section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of A Natural History for Young People to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Natural History for Young People

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Natural History for Young People, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Natural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Young
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Natural History for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.