Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Passage to India
A Passage to India

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Passage to India is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Passage to India
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.
Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.
There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.
The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.
Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Passage to India

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Passage to India is here in full — 41 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.
Line 2
Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.
/edʒd ˈræðər ðæn wɑːʃt baɪ ðə ˈrɪvər ˈɡændʒiz ɪt treɪlz fɔːr ə ˈkʌpəl ʌv maɪlz əˈlɔːŋ ðə bæŋk ˈskersli dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəbəl frʌm ðə ˈrʌbɪʃ ɪt dəˈpɑːzɪts soʊ ˈfriːli/
Line 3
There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.
Line 4
The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.
/ðə striːts ɑːr miːn ðə ˈtempəlz ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv ənd ðoʊ ə fjuː faɪn ˈhaʊsəz ɪɡˈzɪst ðeɪ ɑːr ˈhɪdən əˈweɪ ɪn ˈɡɑːrdənz ɔːr daʊn ˈæliz huːz fɪlθ dɪˈtɜːrz ɔːl bʌt ðə ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd ɡest/
Line 5
Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alleys noun US /ˈæliz/

plural of “alley” — a narrow street with walls on both sides

From this reading “The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.”

bazaars noun US /bəˈzɑːrz/

plural of “bazaar” — a shop where a variety of goods are sold

From this reading “There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.”

deposits noun US /dəˈpɑːzɪts/

plural of “deposit” — the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating

From this reading “Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.”

deters verb US /dɪˈtɜːrz/

third-person singular of “deter” — try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading “The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.”

distinguishable adjective US /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəbəl/

capable of being perceived as different or distinct

From this reading “Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.”

filth noun US /fɪlθ/

any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant

From this reading “The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.”

Ganges noun US /ˈɡændʒiz/

an Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal; a sacred river of the Hindus

From this reading “Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.”

ineffective adjective US /ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv/

not producing an intended effect

From this reading “The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

scarcely distinguishable adverb + adjective

In this reading “Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.”

twenty miles noun + noun counted as “twenty mile”

In this reading “Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.”

invited guest verb + noun counted as “invite guest”

In this reading “The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.”

along the bank preposition + article + noun counted as “along … bank”

In this reading “Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.”

shut out verb + adjective

prevent from entering; shut out

In this reading “There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.”

on the road preposition + article + noun counted as “on … road”

travelling about

In this reading “Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

alleysnounUS /ˈæliz/

plural of “alley” — a narrow street with walls on both sides

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

bathing-steps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

bazaarsnounUS /bəˈzɑːrz/

plural of “bazaar” — a shop where a variety of goods are sold

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

CavesnounUS /keɪvz/

plural of “cave” — a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

Chandrapore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

depositsnounUS /dəˈpɑːzɪts/

plural of “deposit” — the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

detersverbUS /dɪˈtɜːrz/

third-person singular of “deter” — try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

distinguishableadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəbəl/

capable of being perceived as different or distinct

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

EdgedadjectiveUS /edʒd/

having a specified kind of border or edge

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

ExceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

extraordinaryadjectiveUS /ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri/

beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

filthnounUS /fɪlθ/

any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

GangesnounUS /ˈɡændʒiz/

an Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal; a sacred river of the Hindus

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

guestnounUS /ɡest/

a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

hiddenadjectiveUS /ˈhɪdən/

not accessible to view

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

imperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

ineffectiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv/

not producing an intended effect

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

invitedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd/

past form of “invite” — increase the likelihood of

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

Marabar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

panoramanounUS /ˌpænərˈæmə/

the visual percept of a region

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

presentsnounUS /ˈprezənts/

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

rubbishnounUS /ˈrʌbɪʃ/

worthless material that is to be disposed of

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

shiftingadjectiveUS /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/

continuously varying

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

templesnounUS /ˈtempəlz/

plural of “temple” — place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

trailsnounUS /treɪlz/

plural of “trail” — a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Except for the Marabar Caves—and they are twenty miles off—the city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

UpperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

washedadjectiveUS /wɑːʃt/

clean by virtue of having been washed in water

From this reading Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading There are no bathing-steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here; indeed there is no river front, and bazaars shut out the wide and shifting panorama of the stream.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Chandrapore was never large or beautiful, but two hundred years ago it lay on the road between Upper India, then imperial, and the sea, and the fine houses date from that period.

Chapter 1 of A Passage to India by E. M. (Edward Morgan) Forster holds 41 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Passage to India contain?

Chapter 1 holds 41 sentences of A Passage to India, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Passage to India by E. M. (Edward Morgan) Forster exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 41 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Passage to India?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Passage to India

Common questions about reading A Passage to India by E. M. (Edward Morgan) Forster on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Passage to India?

Yes. All 7339 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61221 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Passage to India is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61221, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Passage to India take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1468 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Passage to India section by section

How to work through A Passage to India section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of A Passage to India to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Passage to India

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Passage to India, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Except
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Passage to India; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marabar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Passage to India; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Caves
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Passage to India; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twenty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Passage to India; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.