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A Pessimist in Theory and Practice
A Pessimist in Theory and Practice

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Pessimist in Theory and Practice
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"You must have been reading up lately, my boy.
I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.
If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.
You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.
But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Pessimist in Theory and Practice

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"You must have been reading up lately, my boy.
/juː mʌst hæv bɪn ˈriːdɪŋ ʌp ˈleɪtli maɪ bɔɪ/
Line 2
I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.
/aɪ left ɔːl ðæt ɪn ðə wʊdz bɑːb ənd keɪm daʊn hiːr ɪn ɡʊd feɪθ fɔːr ə tʃeɪndʒ ʌv er priˈperd tuː lɜːrn ˈeniθɪŋ juː maɪt hæv tuː tiːtʃ miː/
Line 3
If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.
Line 4
You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.
Line 5
But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apostle noun US /əˈpɑːsəl/

an ardent early supporter of a cause or reform

From this reading “You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.”

batteries noun US /ˈbætəriz/

plural of “battery” — group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading “If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.”

convert verb US /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading “You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.”

heart's noun US /hɑːrts/

possessive form of “heart” — the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading “If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.”

lately adverb US /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading “"You must have been reading up lately, my boy.”

masked adjective US /mæskt/

having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading

From this reading “If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.”

traps noun US /træps/

plural of “trap” — a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned

From this reading “If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.”

undertaken verb US /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading “You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

heart's content noun + noun counted as “heart content”

In this reading “If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.”

good faith adjective + noun

having honest intentions

In this reading “I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.”

came down verb + adjective counted as “come down”

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

In this reading “I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.”

in the woods preposition + article + noun counted as “in … woods”

In this reading “I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.”

got any verb + adjective counted as “get any”

In this reading “If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

apostlenounUS /əˈpɑːsəl/

an ardent early supporter of a cause or reform

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

batteriesnounUS /ˈbætəriz/

plural of “battery” — group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

BobverbUS /bɑːb/

move up and down repeatedly

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

convertverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

Elliston's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

heart'snounUS /hɑːrts/

possessive form of “heart” — the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

I'm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

maskedadjectiveUS /mæskt/

having its true character concealed with the intent of misleading

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

teachverbUS /tiːtʃ/

impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

trapsnounUS /træps/

plural of “trap” — a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading But I don't quite understand Miss Elliston's position here, Bob."

undertakenverbUS /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading You've undertaken to convert me, and I'm here to give you a chance: a fine old apostle you are.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading I left all that in the woods, Bob, and came down here in good faith for a change of air, prepared to learn anything you might have to teach me.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "You must have been reading up lately, my boy.

you've

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you've got any more traps and masked batteries, let them loose on me; practice on me to your heart's content.

Chapter 4 of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice by Frederic Mayer Bird holds 418 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice contain?

Chapter 4 holds 418 sentences of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice by Frederic Mayer Bird exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 418 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Pessimist in Theory and Practice

Common questions about reading A Pessimist in Theory and Practice by Frederic Mayer Bird on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice?

Yes. All 4168 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26847 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26847, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Pessimist in Theory and Practice take to read?

About 347 minutes of reading across 834 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Pessimist in Theory and Practice section by section

How to work through A Pessimist in Theory and Practice section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Pessimist in Theory and Practice

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Pessimist in Theory and Practice, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Theory
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Practice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Robert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Timsol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Pessimist in Theory and Practice; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.