Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent
A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.
It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.
It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.
In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.
A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.
Line 2
It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.
Line 3
It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.
Line 4
In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.
/ɪn rəˈfɔːrm ɪt ɪz ðə ˈmenəs ʌv riˈækʃən ɪn riˈækʃən ɪt ɪz ðə ˈprɑːməs ʌv rəˈfɔːrm wiː meɪ teɪk hɑːrt æz wiː mʌst luːz hɑːrt frʌm ɪt/
Line 5
A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consoling adjective US /kənˈsoʊlɪŋ/

affording comfort or solace

From this reading “It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.”

despicable adjective US /dɪˈspɪkəbəl/

morally reprehensible

From this reading “A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.”

dismaying adjective US /dɪˈsmeɪɪŋ/

causing consternation

From this reading “It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.”

lamentable adjective US /ləˈmentəbəl/

bad; unfortunate

From this reading “A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.”

menace verb US /ˈmenəs/

pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading “In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.”

morally adverb US /ˈmɔːrəli/

with respect to moral principles

From this reading “A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.”

psychological adjective US /ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

mental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature

From this reading “A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.”

synonym noun US /ˈsɪnənɪm/

two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context

From this reading “A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

cataclysmaladjective

severely destructive

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

consolingadjectiveUS /kənˈsoʊlɪŋ/

affording comfort or solace

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

COUNTER-CURRENT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.

descentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

despicableadjectiveUS /dɪˈspɪkəbəl/

morally reprehensible

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

dismayingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsmeɪɪŋ/

causing consternation

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

divinable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

driftverbUS /drɪft/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

FICTIONnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

lamentableadjectiveUS /ləˈmentəbəl/

bad; unfortunate

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

menaceverbUS /ˈmenəs/

pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

mentallyadverbUS /ˈmentəli/

in your mind

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

morallyadverbUS /ˈmɔːrəli/

with respect to moral principles

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

onwardadverbUS /ˈɔːnwərd/

forward in time or order or degree

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

perceptibleadjectiveUS /pərˈseptəbəl/

capable of being perceived by the mind or senses

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

PSYCHOLOGICALadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

mental or emotional as opposed to physical in nature

From this reading A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.

pulledverbUS /pʊld/

past form of “pull” — cause to move by pulling

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

reactionnounUS /riˈækʃən/

(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

RECENTadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading A PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNTER-CURRENT IN RECENT FICTION.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

reformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

sunkadjectiveUS /sʌŋk/

doomed to extinction

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

synonymnounUS /ˈsɪnənɪm/

two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

upwardadjectiveUS /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In reform, it is the menace of reaction; in reaction, it is the promise of reform; we may take heart as we must lose heart from it.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It is consoling as often as dismaying to find in what seems a cataclysmal tide of a certain direction a strong drift to the opposite quarter.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It is so divinable, if not so perceptible, that its presence may usually be recognized as a beginning of the turn in every tide which is sure, sooner or later, to come.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading A few years ago, when a movement which carried fiction to the highest place in literature was apparently of such onward and upward sweep that there could be no return or descent, there was a counter-current in it which stayed it at last, and pulled it back to that lamentable level where fiction is now sunk, and the word "novel" is again the synonym of all that is morally false and mentally despicable.

Chapter 1 of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent by William Dean Howells holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent contain?

Chapter 1 holds 130 sentences of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent by William Dean Howells exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent

Common questions about reading A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent by William Dean Howells on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent?

Yes. All 253 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #726 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #726, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent take to read?

About 21 minutes of reading across 51 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent section by section

How to work through A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Psychological
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Counter-current
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Recent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fiction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Psychological Counter-Current in Recent; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.