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A Reading Book in Irish History
A Reading Book in Irish History

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of A Reading Book in Irish History is here in full — 948 sentences across 190 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/189 · 5 lines
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Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.
It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.
Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.
There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.
Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Reading Book in Irish History

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of A Reading Book in Irish History is here in full — 948 sentences across 190 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/189 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.
Line 2
It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.
/ɪt kənˈsɪsts ʌv ə hjuːdʒ emˈbæŋkmənt ʌv ɜːrθ ˈnɪrli ˈsɜːrkjələr wɪð ðə ˈjuːʒəwəl diːp trentʃ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɪt ˈkʌvərɪŋ ə speɪs ʌv əˈbaʊt ten ˈeɪkərz/
Line 3
Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.
Line 4
There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.
/ðer wɜːr æt ðɪs seɪm taɪm ˈsɪmələr ˈɔːrdərz ʌv naɪts ɪn ðə ˈʌðər ˈprɑːvənsəz/
Line 5
Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

embankment noun US /emˈbæŋkmənt/

a long artificial mound of stone or earth; built to hold back water or to support a road or as protection

From this reading “It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.”

Leary noun US /ˈlɪri/

United States psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use (1920-1996)

From this reading “Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.”

Mac noun US /mæk/

a waterproof raincoat made of rubberized fabric

From this reading “Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.”

provinces noun US /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading “There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.”

renowned adjective US /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.”

residences noun US /ˈrezɪdənsɪz/

plural of “residence” — any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading “Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.”

trench noun US /trentʃ/

a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading “It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.”

Victorious adjective US /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading “Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ten acres noun + noun

In this reading “It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.”

most renowned adverb + adjective

In this reading “Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.”

same time adjective + noun

In this reading “There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.”

deep trench adjective + noun

In this reading “It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.”

stands beside verb + particle counted as “stand beside”

In this reading “Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.”

about ten preposition + noun

In this reading “It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.”

consists of verb + particle counted as “consist of”

In this reading “It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.”

great stone adjective + noun

In this reading “Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

acresnounUS /ˈeɪkərz/

extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

ancientlyadverb

in ancient times; long ago

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

BattlesnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

BranchnounUS /bræntʃ/

a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

Caherconree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

Carnagh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

circularadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

having the shape or form of a circle

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

Conall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

consistsverbUS /kənˈsɪsts/

third-person singular of “consist” — originate

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

Cuculainn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

Curoi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

Dara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

Downpatrick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

Dun-Keltair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

embankmentnounUS /emˈbæŋkmənt/

a long artificial mound of stone or earth; built to hold back water or to support a road or as protection

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

Fergus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

Keltar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

KnightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

LearynounUS /ˈlɪri/

United States psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use (1920-1996)

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

MacnounUS /mæk/

a waterproof raincoat made of rubberized fabric

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

MountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

Munster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

provincesnounUS /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

Rath-Keltair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

renownedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

residencesnounUS /ˈrezɪdənsɪz/

plural of “residence” — any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

Roy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

SonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading There were, at this same time, similar orders of knights in the other provinces.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

Tralee

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

trenchnounUS /trentʃ/

a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

Usna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

VictoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

viz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Next to Cuculainn, the most renowned of those knights were Fergus Mac Roy, Leary the Victorious, Conall Carnagh, and the three Sons of Usna.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Another of these Red Branch Knights' residences stands beside Downpatrick: viz., the great fort anciently called (among other names) Dun-Keltair or Rath-Keltair, where lived the hero, Keltar of the Battles.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Those of Munster were commanded by Curoi Mac Dara, who lived in a great stone fortress high up on the side of Caherconree Mountain, near Tralee, the remains of which may be seen to this day.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It consists of a huge embankment of earth, nearly circular, with the usual deep trench outside it, covering a space of about ten acres.

Chapter 2 of A Reading Book in Irish History by P. W. (Patrick Weston) Joyce holds 948 sentences, grouped into 190 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of A Reading Book in Irish History contain?

Chapter 2 holds 948 sentences of A Reading Book in Irish History, unabridged, divided into 190 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of A Reading Book in Irish History by P. W. (Patrick Weston) Joyce exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 948 sentences, grouped into 190 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of A Reading Book in Irish History?

Work through the 190 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 190 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Reading Book in Irish History

Common questions about reading A Reading Book in Irish History by P. W. (Patrick Weston) Joyce on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Reading Book in Irish History?

Yes. All 2287 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33439 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Reading Book in Irish History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33439, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Reading Book in Irish History take to read?

About 190 minutes of reading across 458 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Reading Book in Irish History section by section

How to work through A Reading Book in Irish History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

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Vocabulary met early in A Reading Book in Irish History

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Reading Book in Irish History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Typographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Reading Book in Irish History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Punctuation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Reading Book in Irish History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Reading Book in Irish History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corrected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Reading Book in Irish History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.