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A rogue's tragedy
A rogue's tragedy

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of A rogue's tragedy is here in full — 517 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/103 · 5 lines
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If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.
The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.
That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.
For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.
But his pride was the haughtiest of casuists in all matters touching itself.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A rogue's tragedy

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of A rogue's tragedy is here in full — 517 sentences across 104 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/103 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.
/ɪf ðə ˌʃevəˈlɪr diː fræns wɑːz ˈdestɪnd ə ˈsekənd taɪm tuː ˈsʌfər hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən θruː hɪz ˈdɔːtərz pərˈvɜːrsəti ðæt ˈdɔːtər hərˈself wɑːz sperd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɔːstrəsɪzəm wɪtʃ wʊd ˈʃʊrli hæv ˈoʊvərteɪkən wʌn les ədˈmaɪərd ɪn ðə ˈʃæd.oʊ ʌv ðə kɪŋz dɪˈspleʒər/
Line 2
The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.
Line 3
That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.
Line 4
For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.
Line 5
But his pride was the haughtiest of casuists in all matters touching itself.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arrogant adjective US /ˈerəɡənt/

having or showing feelings of unwarranted importance out of overbearing pride

From this reading “That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.”

collateral adjective US /kəˈlætərəl/

descended from a common ancestor but through different lines

From this reading “The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.”

conditional adjective US /kənˈdɪʃənəl/

qualified by reservations

From this reading “For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.”

nimbus noun US /ˈnɪmbəs/

a dark grey cloud bearing rain

From this reading “The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.”

nominee noun US /ˌnɑːməˈniː/

a politician who is running for public office

From this reading “For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.”

ostracism noun US /ˈɔːstrəsɪzəm/

the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent)

From this reading “If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.”

perversity noun US /pərˈvɜːrsəti/

deliberate and stubborn unruliness and resistance to guidance or discipline

From this reading “If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.”

portfolio noun US /pɔːrtˈfoʊlioʊ/

a large, flat, thin case for carrying loose papers or drawings or maps; usually leather

From this reading “For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

conferred upon verb + particle counted as “confer upon”

In this reading “The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.”

second time noun + noun

In this reading “If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.”

first instance adjective + noun

In this reading “That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.”

dispose of verb + particle

deal with or settle

In this reading “For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.”

free hand verb + noun

freedom to do as you see fit

In this reading “For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.”

in the shadow preposition + article + noun counted as “in … shadow”

In this reading “If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

admiredadjectiveUS /ədˈmaɪərd/

regarded with admiration

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But his pride was the haughtiest of casuists in all matters touching itself.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

arrogantadjectiveUS /ˈerəɡənt/

having or showing feelings of unwarranted importance out of overbearing pride

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

bestowalnoun

the act of conferring an honor or presenting a gift

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

borrowverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

casuists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But his pride was the haughtiest of casuists in all matters touching itself.

ChevaliernounUS /ˌʃevəˈlɪr/

French actor and cabaret singer (1888-1972)

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

collateraladjectiveUS /kəˈlætərəl/

descended from a common ancestor but through different lines

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

conditionaladjectiveUS /kənˈdɪʃənəl/

qualified by reservations

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

conferredverbUS /kənˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “confer” — have a conference in order to talk something over

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

daughter'snounUS /ˈdɔːtərz/

possessive form of “daughter” — a female human offspring

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

despoiledadjective

having been robbed and destroyed by force and violence

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

displeasurenounUS /dɪˈspleʒər/

the feeling of being displeased or annoyed or dissatisfied with someone or something

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

disposeverbUS /dɪˈspoʊz/

give, sell, or transfer to another

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

exaltationnoun

a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

excuseverbUS /ɪksˈkjuːs/

accept an excuse for

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

exquisiteadjectiveUS /ˈekskwəzət/

intense or sharp

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

haughtiest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But his pride was the haughtiest of casuists in all matters touching itself.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

humiliationnounUS /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/

state of disgrace or loss of self-respect

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

impenetrableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpenətrəbəl/

not admitting of penetration or passage into or through

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

intimatedverbUS /ˈɪntəmeɪtɪd/

past form of “intimate” — give to understand

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

majestynounUS /ˈmædʒəsti/

impressiveness in scale or proportion

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

Marchesa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading But his pride was the haughtiest of casuists in all matters touching itself.

meritsnounUS /ˈmerəts/

plural of “merit” — any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

mortificationnounUS /ˈmɔːrtəfkeɪʃən/

strong feelings of embarrassment

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

nimbusnounUS /ˈnɪmbəs/

a dark grey cloud bearing rain

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

nomineenounUS /ˌnɑːməˈniː/

a politician who is running for public office

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

officialadjectiveUS /əˈfɪʃəl/

having official authority or sanction

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

ostracismnounUS /ˈɔːstrəsɪzəm/

the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent)

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

out-of-favour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

overlookingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərlʊkɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

overtakenverbUS /ˈoʊvərteɪkən/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

owedverbUS /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

perversitynounUS /pərˈvɜːrsəti/

deliberate and stubborn unruliness and resistance to guidance or discipline

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

portfolionounUS /pɔːrtˈfoʊlioʊ/

a large, flat, thin case for carrying loose papers or drawings or maps; usually leather

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading But his pride was the haughtiest of casuists in all matters touching itself.

relationshipnounUS /riˈleɪʃənʃɪp/

a relation between people; (“relationship” is often used where “relation” would serve, as in `the relationship between inflation and unemployment', but the preferred usage of “relationship” is for human relations or states of relatedness)

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

reputationnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading For the bestowal of the portfolio, it had been plainly intimated to him, was conditional on his leaving his majesty a perfectly free hand to dispose of that of the Marchesa; nor had he been ignorant, even at the first, of the name and reputation of the royal nominee.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

sparedverbUS /sperd/

past form of “spare” — refrain from harming

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

sufferverbUS /ˈsʌfər/

undergo or be subjected to

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

touchingadjectiveUS /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/

arousing affect

From this reading But his pride was the haughtiest of casuists in all matters touching itself.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

vanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading That was a very bitter mortification to so arrogant a man; though, to be sure, his exaltation in the first instance had hardly owed itself to his personal merits--a fact which he had no excuse but an impenetrable vanity for overlooking.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The out-of-favour minister, despoiled of his official nimbus, had to borrow what satisfaction he could from the collateral distinction conferred upon him through his relationship with so exquisite and _precious_ a creature.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If the Chevalier de France was destined a second time to suffer humiliation through his daughter’s perversity, that daughter herself was spared the social ostracism which would surely have overtaken one less admired in the shadow of the King’s displeasure.

Chapter 20 of A rogue's tragedy by Bernard Capes holds 517 sentences, grouped into 104 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of A rogue's tragedy contain?

Chapter 20 holds 517 sentences of A rogue's tragedy, unabridged, divided into 104 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of A rogue's tragedy by Bernard Capes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 517 sentences, grouped into 104 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of A rogue's tragedy?

Work through the 104 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 104 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A rogue's tragedy

Common questions about reading A rogue's tragedy by Bernard Capes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A rogue's tragedy?

Yes. All 6140 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A rogue's tragedy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68667, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A rogue's tragedy take to read?

About 511 minutes of reading across 1228 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A rogue's tragedy section by section

How to work through A rogue's tragedy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of A rogue's tragedy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A rogue's tragedy

Words and structures a reader meets early in A rogue's tragedy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Matter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A rogue's tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eternal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A rogue's tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dressing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A rogue's tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Imagination
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A rogue's tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.