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A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill
A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill is here in full — 215 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.
A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.
The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.
In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.
From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill is here in full — 215 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.
Line 2
A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.
/ə ˈɡlæmər ʌv ˈtendər nuː ɡriːn enˈveləpt ðə wɜːrld ənd ðə er wɑːz swiːt wɪð ðə ˈoʊdər ʌv jʌŋ ənd ˈɡroʊɪŋ θɪŋz/
Line 3
The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.
/ðə braʊn ˈrɪvər striːkt wɪð ɡriːn wer ðə ˈfreʃər ˈkɜːrənts ʌv ðə kriːks pɔːrd ɪn ˈsɜːrkəld ðə beɪs ʌv ə lɔːŋ hɪl ðæt ˈdɑːməneɪtəd ðə ˈlændskeɪp frʌm ˈevəri dərˈekʃən/
Line 4
In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.
Line 5
From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

byways noun US /ˈbaɪweɪz/

plural of “byway” — a side road little traveled (as in the countryside)

From this reading “It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.”

city's noun US /ˈsɪtiz/

possessive form of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading “From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.”

creeks noun US /kriːks/

plural of “creek” — a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading “The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.”

flotsam noun US /ˈflɑːtsəm/

the floating wreckage of a ship

From this reading “In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.”

fresher noun US /ˈfreʃər/

a first-year undergraduate

From this reading “The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.”

frosts noun US /frɔːsts/

plural of “frost” — ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading “It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.”

highways noun US /ˈhaɪweɪz/

plural of “highway” — a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading “It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.”

springtime noun US /ˈsprɪŋtaɪm/

the season of growth

From this reading “It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

adjacentadjectiveUS /əˈdʒeɪsənt/

nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

burstingverbUS /ˈbɜːrstɪŋ/

-ing form of “burst” — come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

bywaysnounUS /ˈbaɪweɪz/

plural of “byway” — a side road little traveled (as in the countryside)

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

Carsey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

Carseys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

circledverbUS /ˈsɜːrkəld/

past form of “circle” — travel around something

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

city'snounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

possessive form of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

crawlverbUS /krɔːl/

move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

creeksnounUS /kriːks/

plural of “creek” — a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

currentsnounUS /ˈkɜːrənts/

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

defiantlyadverbUS /dɪˈfaɪəntli/

in a rebellious manner

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

depositedverbUS /dəˈpɑːzɪtɪd/

past form of “deposit” — put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

dominatedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːməneɪtəd/

controlled or ruled by superior authority or power

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

envelopedverbUS /enˈveləpt/

past form of “envelop” — enclose or enfold completely with or as if with a covering

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

flotsamnounUS /ˈflɑːtsəm/

the floating wreckage of a ship

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

freshernounUS /ˈfreʃər/

a first-year undergraduate

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

frostsnounUS /frɔːsts/

plural of “frost” — ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

fruitions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

gayadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

glamournounUS /ˈɡlæmər/

alluring beauty or charm (often with sex-appeal)

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

granitenounUS /ˈɡrænət/

plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

grantedadjectiveUS /ˈɡræntəd/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

heedlessadjective

marked by or paying little heed or attention

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

highwaysnounUS /ˈhaɪweɪz/

plural of “highway” — a major road for any form of motor transport

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

impertinentadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrtənənt/

characterized by a lightly pert and exuberant quality

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

impetuouslyadverb

in an impulsive or impetuous way; without taking cautions

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

invasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

irresponsibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪrəˈspɑːnsəbəl/

showing lack of care for consequences

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

jetsamnoun

the part of a ship's equipment or cargo that is thrown overboard to lighten the load in a storm

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

landscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

neverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

odornounUS /ˈoʊdər/

any property detected by the olfactory system

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

pioneernounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/

someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

pouredverbUS /pɔːrd/

past form of “pour” — cause to run

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

proudlyadverbUS /ˈpraʊdli/

with pride; in a proud manner

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

railroadsnounUS /ˈreɪlroʊdz/

plural of “railroad” — line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

rearedverbUS /rɪrd/

past form of “rear” — stand up on the hind legs, of quadrupeds

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

remainingadjectiveUS /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

not used up

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

springtimenounUS /ˈsprɪŋtaɪm/

the season of growth

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

statelyadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtli/

impressive in appearance

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

streakedadjectiveUS /striːkt/

marked with or as if with stripes or linear discolorations

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

tenderadjectiveUS /ˈtendər/

given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was springtime in Kentucky, gay, irresponsible, Southern springtime, that comes bursting impetuously through highways and byways, heedless of possible frosts and impossible fruitions.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In spite of the fact that impertinent railroads were beginning to crawl about its feet, and the flotsam and jetsam of the adjacent city were gradually being deposited at its base, it nevertheless reared its granite shoulders proudly and defiantly against the sky.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The brown river, streaked with green where the fresher currents of the creeks poured in, circled the base of a long hill that dominated the landscape from every direction.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the early days when the hill and rich surrounding farm lands had been granted to the old pioneer William Carsey, one generation of Carseys after another had lived in the stately old mansion that now stood like the last remaining fortress against the city's invasion.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading A glamour of tender new green enveloped the world, and the air was sweet with the odor of young and growing things.

Chapter 1 of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill by Alice Caldwell Hegan Rice holds 215 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill contain?

Chapter 1 holds 215 sentences of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill by Alice Caldwell Hegan Rice exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 215 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill

Common questions about reading A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill by Alice Caldwell Hegan Rice on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill?

Yes. All 5589 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6635 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6635, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill take to read?

About 465 minutes of reading across 1118 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill section by section

How to work through A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Springtime
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kentucky
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Irresponsible
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Southern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Romance of Billy-Goat Hill; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.