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A Romance of the Republic
A Romance of the Republic

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of A Romance of the Republic is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.
The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.
The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.
Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.
At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Romance of the Republic

Chapter XXXVI · Chapter 36

Chapter 36 of A Romance of the Republic is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.
Line 2
The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.
/ðə nɔːrθ kənˈtɪnjuːd tuː meɪk ˈsɜːrvəl kənˈseʃənz wɪtʃ ˈhɪstəri wɪl blʌʃ tuː rəˈkɔːrd bʌt ðeɪ pruːvd ˌʌnəˈveɪlɪŋ/
Line 3
The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.
Line 4
Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.
/ðoʊ ə ˌkɑːnʃiˈenʃəs wɪʃ tuː əˈvɔɪd ˈsɪvəl wɔːr ˈmɪŋɡəld ˈlɑːrdʒli wɪð ðə ˈselfɪʃnəs ʌv treɪd ənd ðə ˈhɑːrtləs ˈɡæmbəlɪŋ ʌv ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃənz ɔːl wɑːz əˈlaɪk ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətəd baɪ ðem æz saɪnz ʌv ˈnɔːrðərn ˈkaʊərdəs/
Line 5
At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arrogance noun US /ˈerəɡəns/

overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors

From this reading “The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.”

booming adjective US /ˈbuːmɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.”

concessions noun US /kənˈseʃənz/

plural of “concession” — a contract granting the right to operate a subsidiary business

From this reading “The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.”

interpreted adjective US /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətəd/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading “Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.”

politicians noun US /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “politician” — a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading “Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.”

servile adjective US /ˈsɜːrvəl/

submissive or fawning in attitude or behavior

From this reading “The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.”

unavailing adjective US /ˌʌnəˈveɪlɪŋ/

producing no result or effect

From this reading “The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.”

vocal adjective US /ˈvoʊkəl/

relating to or designed for or using the singing voice

From this reading “Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

alikeadverbUS /əˈlaɪk/

equally

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

arrogancenounUS /ˈerəɡəns/

overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors

From this reading The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

blushverbUS /blʌʃ/

turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

boomingadjectiveUS /ˈbuːmɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

concessionsnounUS /kənˈseʃənz/

plural of “concession” — a contract granting the right to operate a subsidiary business

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

conscientiousadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːnʃiˈenʃəs/

characterized by extreme care and great effort

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

cowardicenounUS /ˈkaʊərdəs/

the trait of lacking courage

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

crinkledadjective

uneven by virtue of having wrinkles or waves

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

darkeradjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkər/

comparative of “dark” — devoid of or deficient in light or brightness; shadowed or black

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

fednounUS /fed/

any federal law-enforcement officer

From this reading The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

gamblingnounUS /ˈɡæmbəlɪŋ/

the act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning (including the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize)

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

gatheringnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

growlings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

gunnounUS /ɡʌn/

a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

heartlessadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrtləs/

lacking in feeling or pity or warmth

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

impendingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpendɪŋ/

close in time; about to occur

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

interpretedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprətəd/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

lightningnounUS /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

NorthernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

politiciansnounUS /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃənz/

plural of “politician” — a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

selfishnessnounUS /ˈselfɪʃnəs/

stinginess resulting from a concern for your own welfare and a disregard of others

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

servileadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrvəl/

submissive or fawning in attitude or behavior

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

slaveholders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

Sumter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last, the Sumter gun was heard booming through the gathering storm.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

thunderverbUS /ˈθʌndər/

move fast, noisily, and heavily

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

unavailingadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈveɪlɪŋ/

producing no result or effect

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

vocaladjectiveUS /ˈvoʊkəl/

relating to or designed for or using the singing voice

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The arrogance of slaveholders grew by what it fed on.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The North continued to make servile concessions, which history will blush to record; but they proved unavailing.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading Though a conscientious wish to avoid civil war mingled largely with the selfishness of trade, and the heartless gambling of politicians, all was alike interpreted by them as signs of Northern cowardice.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Through the following year, the political sky grew ever darker with impending clouds, crinkled with lightning, and vocal with growlings of approaching thunder.

Chapter 36 of A Romance of the Republic by Lydia Maria Child holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of A Romance of the Republic contain?

Chapter 36 holds 143 sentences of A Romance of the Republic, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of A Romance of the Republic by Lydia Maria Child exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of A Romance of the Republic?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Romance of the Republic

Common questions about reading A Romance of the Republic by Lydia Maria Child on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Romance of the Republic?

Yes. All 6689 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10549 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Romance of the Republic is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10549, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Romance of the Republic take to read?

About 557 minutes of reading across 1338 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Romance of the Republic

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Romance of the Republic, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Romance of the Republic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Yourself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Romance of the Republic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Romance of the Republic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alfred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Romance of the Republic; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.