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A Rough Shaking
A Rough Shaking

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Rough Shaking is here in full — 256 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.
Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.
His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.
He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.
Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Rough Shaking

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Rough Shaking is here in full — 256 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.
/wʌt dɪd drɔː aʊt hɪz fɜːrst smaɪl/
Line 2
Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.
Line 3
His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.
/hɪz ˈθɪriz ʌv rɪˈlɪdʒən wɜːr ˈniːðər lɑːrdʒ nɔːr ˈlɔːfti hiː ækˈseptɪd ðoʊz ðæt wɜːr ˈhændəd daʊn tuː hɪm ənd dɪd nɑːt ˈtrʌbəl hɪmˈself æz tuː ˈweðər ðeɪ wɜːr kərˈekt/
Line 4
He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.
/hiː dɪd wʌt wɑːz ˈbetər hiː traɪd ˈkɑːnstəntli tuː oʊˈbeɪ ðə lɔː ʌv ɡɑːd ˈweðər hiː faʊnd ɪt ɪn ðə ˈbaɪbəl ɔːr ɪn hɪz oʊn hɑːrt/
Line 5
Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.
/ðʌs hiː wɑːz ˈɡreɪtər ɪn ðə ˈkɪŋdəm ʌv ˈhevən ðæn ˈθaʊzəndz ðæt nuː mɔːr hæd ˈbetər ˈθɪriz əˈbaʊt ɡɑːd ənd kʊd tɔːk mʌtʃ mɔːr ˈfluːəntli kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ rɪˈlɪdʒən ðæn hiː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bible noun US /ˈbaɪbəl/

the sacred writings of the Christian religions

From this reading “He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.”

constantly adverb US /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading “He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.”

correct verb US /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading “His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.”

fluently adverb US /ˈfluːəntli/

in a fluent manner

From this reading “Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.”

kingdom noun US /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading “Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.”

lofty adjective US /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading “His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.”

obey verb US /oʊˈbeɪ/

be obedient to

From this reading “He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.”

theories noun US /ˈθɪriz/

plural of “theory” — a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading “His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

BiblenounUS /ˈbaɪbəl/

the sacred writings of the Christian religions

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

DIDauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

DRAWverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

fluentlyadverbUS /ˈfluːəntli/

in a fluent manner

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

handedadjectiveUS /ˈhændəd/

having or involving the use of hands

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

obeyverbUS /oʊˈbeɪ/

be obedient to

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

OUTadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

Porson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

SMILEverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

theoriesnounUS /ˈθɪriz/

plural of “theory” — a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus he was greater in the kingdom of heaven than thousands that knew more, had better theories about God, and could talk much more fluently concerning religion than he.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading He did what was better: he tried constantly to obey the law of God, whether he found it in the Bible or in his own heart.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

WHATpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading WHAT DID DRAW OUT HIS FIRST SMILE.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading His theories of religion were neither large nor lofty; he accepted those that were handed down to him, and did not trouble himself as to whether they were correct.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading Mr. Porson was a man about five and forty; his wife was a few years younger.

Chapter 4 of A Rough Shaking by George MacDonald holds 256 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Rough Shaking contain?

Chapter 4 holds 256 sentences of A Rough Shaking, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Rough Shaking by George MacDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 256 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Rough Shaking?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Rough Shaking

Common questions about reading A Rough Shaking by George MacDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Rough Shaking?

Yes. All 6421 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8886 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Rough Shaking is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8886, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Rough Shaking take to read?

About 535 minutes of reading across 1285 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through A Rough Shaking section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Rough Shaking

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Rough Shaking, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Clare
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Rough Shaking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Skymer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Rough Shaking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Everything
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Rough Shaking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Around
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Rough Shaking; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.