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A Rough Shaking
A Rough Shaking

Chapter IX

Cover illustration for A Rough Shaking
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THEIR FIRST HELPER.
It was a lovely spring morning.
The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.
Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.
At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Rough Shaking

Chapter IX

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THEIR FIRST HELPER.
Line 2
It was a lovely spring morning.
Line 3
The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.
Line 4
Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.
Line 5
At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.”

Above preposition US /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.”

Already noun US /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.”

Beginning noun US /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.”

FIRST noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THEIR FIRST HELPER.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.”

Morning noun US /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was a lovely spring morning.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.”

Though conjunction US /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a lovely spring morning.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

alreadynounUS /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

beady

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

beginningnounUS /ˈbeginning/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

blades

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

clean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

cottages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

day's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

degrees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

dew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

door-steps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

drawn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

feathery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

FIRSTnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THEIR FIRST HELPER.

floors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

gem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

gem-plants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

grasses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

HELPER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THEIR FIRST HELPER.

horizon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a lovely spring morning.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

liquid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

lovely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a lovely spring morning.

morningnounUS /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was a lovely spring morning.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

radiance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

roadside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

shining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

slender

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

sort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

sparkled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

spring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a lovely spring morning.

sun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

sweeping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THEIR FIRST HELPER.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

thirty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

tops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every sort of gem sparkled on their feathery or beady tops, and their long slender blades.

turning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a lovely spring morning.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.

women

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the first cottages they passed, the women were beginning their day’s work, sweeping clean their floors and door-steps.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The sun was about thirty degrees above the horizon, shining with a liquid radiance, as if he had already drawn up and was shining through the dew of the morning, though it lay yet on all the grasses by the roadside, turning them into gem-plants.