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A Sappho of Green Springs
A Sappho of Green Springs

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of A Sappho of Green Springs is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.
Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.
A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.
Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.
At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Sappho of Green Springs

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of A Sappho of Green Springs is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.
/ɪt hæd ɡroʊn dɑːrk ɑːn bɜːrnt rɪdʒ/
Line 2
Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.
Line 3
A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.
/ə feɪnt ɡloʊ stɪl ˈlɪŋɡərd ˈoʊvər ðə red ˈvæli roʊd æz ɪf ɪt wɜːr ɪts oʊn rɪˈflekʃən ˈræðər ðæn ˈeni laɪt frʌm bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈdɑːrkənd rɪdʒ/
Line 4
Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.
Line 5
At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

canyons noun US /ˈkænjənz/

plural of “canyon” — a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

From this reading “Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.”

consuming adjective US /kənˈsuːmɪŋ/

very strong; urgently felt

From this reading “Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.”

encroach verb US /ɪnˈkroʊtʃ/

advance beyond the usual limit

From this reading “At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.”

flanks noun US /flæŋks/

plural of “flank” — the side of military or naval formation

From this reading “Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.”

furrowed adjective US /ˈfɜːroʊd/

having long narrow shallow depressions (as grooves or wrinkles) in the surface

From this reading “Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.”

guiding adjective US /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ/

exerting control or influence

From this reading “At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.”

serrated adjective US /ˈsereɪtɪd/

notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex

From this reading “Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.”

shafts noun US /ʃæfts/

plural of “shaft” — a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading “Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

ascentnounUS /əˈsent/

an upward slope or grade (as in a road)

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

blackenedadjectiveUS /ˈblækənd/

darkened by smoke

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

BurntadjectiveUS /bɜːrnt/

ruined by overcooking

From this reading It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

canteringadjective

riding at a gait between a trot and a gallop

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

canyonsnounUS /ˈkænjənz/

plural of “canyon” — a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

chevaux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

consumingadjectiveUS /kənˈsuːmɪŋ/

very strong; urgently felt

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

creepingnounUS /ˈkriːpɪŋ/

a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

crestnounUS /krest/

the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.

darkenedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkənd/

(of fabrics and paper) grown dark in color over time

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

dazzledadjectiveUS /ˈdæzəld/

having vision overcome temporarily by or as if by intense light

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

encroachverbUS /ɪnˈkroʊtʃ/

advance beyond the usual limit

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

faintadjectiveUS /feɪnt/

deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

firesnounUS /ˈfaɪərz/

plural of “fire” — the event of something burning (often destructive)

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

flanksnounUS /flæŋks/

plural of “flank” — the side of military or naval formation

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

frise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

furrowedadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːroʊd/

having long narrow shallow depressions (as grooves or wrinkles) in the surface

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

glitteredverbUS /ˈɡlɪtərd/

past form of “glitter” — be shiny, as if wet

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

glownounUS /ɡloʊ/

an alert and refreshed state

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.

guidingadjectiveUS /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ/

exerting control or influence

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.

harshadjectiveUS /hɑːrʃ/

unpleasantly stern

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

home-coming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

interstices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

lingeredverbUS /ˈlɪŋɡərd/

past form of “linger” — remain present although waning or gradually dying

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

mountain-side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

neareradverbUS /ˈnɪrər/

(comparative of “near” or “close”) within a shorter distance

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

RidgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading It had grown dark on Burnt Ridge.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

SeenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

serratedadjectiveUS /ˈsereɪtɪd/

notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

settlingnounUS /ˈsetəlɪŋ/

a gradual sinking to a lower level

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

shaftsnounUS /ʃæfts/

plural of “shaft” — a line that forms the length of an arrow pointer

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

sombreadjective

lacking brightness or color; dull

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

terracenounUS /ˈterəs/

usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading A faint glow still lingered over the red valley road, as if it were its own reflection, rather than any light from beyond the darkened ridge.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Seen from below, the whole serrated crest that had glittered in the sunset as if its interstices were eaten by consuming fires, now, closed up its ranks of blackened shafts and became again harsh and sombre chevaux de frise against the sky.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading Night was already creeping up out of remote canyons and along the furrowed flanks of the mountain, or settling on the nearer woods with the sound of home-coming and innumerable wings.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading At a point where the road began to encroach upon the mountain-side in its slow winding ascent the darkness had become so real that a young girl cantering along the rising terrace found difficulty in guiding her horse, with eyes still dazzled by the sunset fires.

Chapter 6 of A Sappho of Green Springs by Bret Harte holds 161 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of A Sappho of Green Springs contain?

Chapter 6 holds 161 sentences of A Sappho of Green Springs, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of A Sappho of Green Springs by Bret Harte exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 161 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of A Sappho of Green Springs?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Sappho of Green Springs

Common questions about reading A Sappho of Green Springs by Bret Harte on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Sappho of Green Springs?

Yes. All 2742 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2867 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Sappho of Green Springs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2867, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Sappho of Green Springs take to read?

About 228 minutes of reading across 549 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Sappho of Green Springs section by section

How to work through A Sappho of Green Springs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in A Sappho of Green Springs

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Sappho of Green Springs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Sappho of Green Springs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editorial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Sappho of Green Springs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Excelsior
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Sappho of Green Springs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Magazine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Sappho of Green Springs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.