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A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West
A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.
Now, don't make a mistake.
The most of these fellows are not even average men.
I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.
Anyhow, these men support my theory, don't they?"
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.
/aɪ səˈpoʊz ɪt ɔːl əˈpɪrz tuː juː æz ˈsʌmθɪŋ ˈveri faɪn ənd ˈveri ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/
Line 2
Now, don't make a mistake.
Line 3
The most of these fellows are not even average men.
/ðə moʊst ʌv ðiːz ˈfeloʊz ɑːr nɑːt ˈiːvɪn ˈævərɪdʒ men/
Line 4
I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.
/aɪ hæv ə ˈθɪri ðæt teɪk ɪt wʌn ten jɪrz wɪð əˈnʌðər ðə ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz ʌv ˈaʊər ˈkʌntri mʌst biː ˌnesəˈserəli bɪˈniːθ ðə ˈævərɪdʒ bɪˈkɔːz ðə mæn huː ɪz ə ˈθɪŋkər ɔːr ə ˈmɔːrəlɪst ˌnesəˈserəli ˌreprɪˈzents ə maɪˈnɔːrəti/
Line 5
Anyhow, these men support my theory, don't they?"

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

average adjective US /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading “The most of these fellows are not even average men.”

legislatures noun US /ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz/

plural of “legislature” — persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading “I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.”

minority noun US /maɪˈnɔːrəti/

a group of people who differ racially or politically from a larger group of which it is a part

From this reading “I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.”

moralist noun US /ˈmɔːrəlɪst/

a philosopher who specializes in morals and moral problems

From this reading “I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.”

necessarily adverb US /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading “I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.”

represents verb US /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading “I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.”

theory noun US /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading “I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.”

thinker noun US /ˈθɪŋkər/

an important intellectual

From this reading “I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ten years noun + noun

In this reading “I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.”

make a mistake verb + article + noun counted as “make … mistake”

In this reading “Now, don't make a mistake.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Now, don't make a mistake.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

AnyhowadverbUS /ˈenihaʊ/

used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement

From this reading Anyhow, these men support my theory, don't they?"

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, don't make a mistake.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

legislaturesnounUS /ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃərz/

plural of “legislature” — persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Now, don't make a mistake.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

minoritynounUS /maɪˈnɔːrəti/

a group of people who differ racially or politically from a larger group of which it is a part

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

mistakenounUS /mɪˈsteɪk/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Now, don't make a mistake.

moralistnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlɪst/

a philosopher who specializes in morals and moral problems

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Anyhow, these men support my theory, don't they?"

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, don't make a mistake.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

representsverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading Anyhow, these men support my theory, don't they?"

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The most of these fellows are not even average men.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Anyhow, these men support my theory, don't they?"

thinkernounUS /ˈθɪŋkər/

an important intellectual

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading I have a theory that, take it one ten years with another, the legislatures of our country must be necessarily beneath the average, because the man who is a thinker or a moralist necessarily represents a minority.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "I suppose it all appears to you as something very fine and very important.

Chapter 8 of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West by Hamlin Garland holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West contain?

Chapter 8 holds 408 sentences of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West by Hamlin Garland exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West

Common questions about reading A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West by Hamlin Garland on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West?

Yes. All 5256 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26189 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26189, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West take to read?

About 438 minutes of reading across 1052 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West section by section

How to work through A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hamlin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Garland's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Uniform
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Spoil of Office: A Story of the Modern West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.