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A Struggle For Life
A Struggle For Life

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Struggle For Life is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Struggle For Life
Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.
Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.
I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.
But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.
His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle For Life

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Struggle For Life is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.
/ə ˈstrʌɡəl fɔːr laɪf/
Line 2
Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.
Line 3
I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.
/aɪ æm ˈdʒenərəli priˈɑːkjəpaɪd wen ˈwɔːkɪŋ ənd ˈɔːfən θred maɪ weɪ θruː ˈkraʊdəd striːts wɪˈθaʊt dɪˈstɪŋktli əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ ˈeni wʌn/
Line 4
But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.
/bʌt ðɪs mænz feɪs fɔːrst ˌɪtˈself əˈpɑːn miː ənd ə ˈsɪŋɡjələr feɪs ɪt wɑːz/
Line 5
His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

distinctly adverb US /dɪˈstɪŋktli/

clear to the mind; with distinct mental discernment

From this reading “I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.”

faded adjective US /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading “His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.”

Houghton noun US /ˈhɔːtən/

United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)

From this reading “Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.”

lounging verb US /ˈlaʊndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “lounge” — sit or recline comfortably

From this reading “Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.”

Mall noun US /mɔːl/

a public area set aside as a pedestrian walk

From this reading “Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.”

observing adjective US /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading “I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.”

preoccupied adjective US /priˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

deeply absorbed in thought

From this reading “I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.”

thread verb US /θred/

to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course

From this reading “I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

CommonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

distinctlyadverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋktli/

clear to the mind; with distinct mental discernment

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

fleckedadjective

having a pattern of dots

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

HoughtonnounUS /ˈhɔːtən/

United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

loungingverbUS /ˈlaʊndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “lounge” — sit or recline comfortably

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

MallnounUS /mɔːl/

a public area set aside as a pedestrian walk

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

Mifflin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

observingadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

preoccupiedadjectiveUS /priˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

deeply absorbed in thought

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

singularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

STRUGGLEverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

threadverbUS /θred/

to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But this man's face forced itself upon me, and a singular face it was.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I am generally preoccupied when walking, and often thread my way through crowded streets without distinctly observing any one.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading His eyes were faded, and his hair, which he wore long, was flecked with gray.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading Boston And New York Houghton Mifflin Company One morning as I was passing through Boston Common, which lies between my home and my office, I met a gentleman lounging along The Mall.

Chapter 1 of A Struggle For Life by Thomas Bailey Aldrich holds 224 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Struggle For Life contain?

Chapter 1 holds 224 sentences of A Struggle For Life, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Struggle For Life by Thomas Bailey Aldrich exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 224 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Struggle For Life?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle For Life

Common questions about reading A Struggle For Life by Thomas Bailey Aldrich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle For Life?

Yes. All 224 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23356 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle For Life is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23356, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle For Life take to read?

About 18 minutes of reading across 45 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle For Life section by section

How to work through A Struggle For Life section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of A Struggle For Life to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle For Life

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle For Life, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Struggle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle For Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle For Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houghton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle For Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mifflin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle For Life; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.