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A Struggle for Rome, V. 1
A Struggle for Rome, V. 1

Chapter III

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, V. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.
Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.
After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.
A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.
Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, V. 1

Chapter III

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.
Line 2
Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.
Line 3
After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.
Line 4
A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.
Line 5
Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Across preposition US /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading “Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.”

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.”

Ancient adjective US /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading “After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Between preposition US /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Distant adjective US /ˈdɪstənt/

not friendly or close

From this reading “A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.”

Foot noun US /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

However adverb US /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading “A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.”

Length noun US /leŋθ/

a period of time or extent

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.”

Open verb US /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading “Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Short adjective US /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading “After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.”

Stand noun US /stand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.”

Stopped noun US /stopped/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.”

Took noun US /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.”

Whose determiner US /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.”

All words in this reading · 132

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

altar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

arrangement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

back

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

bases

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

boughs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

broad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

cella

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

column

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

commodiously

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

companions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

custom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

cut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

not friendly or close

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

ditch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

edifice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

ends

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

fallen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

fixed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

followed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

footnounUS /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

formed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

gods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

Gothic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

heathen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

held

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

high

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

Hildebrand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

holm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

home

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

inner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

led

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

lengthnounUS /leŋθ/

a period of time or extent

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

loose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

man's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

middle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

mighty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

Northern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

oak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

off

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

past

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

porticum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

presented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

rain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

raised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

reminded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

roof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

ruined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

several

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

shafts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

shallow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

sight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

Silently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

space

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

spear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

spears

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

stand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

statues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

steps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

stoppednounUS /stopped/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

storm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

strange

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

strip

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

supported

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

tallest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

temple

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

thick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

thus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

times

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

tooknounUS /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

torch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

triangle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

turf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

unequal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

walk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Hildebrand took the torch from the column, and went across the inner space, past the cella of the temple, past the ruined high altar, past the bases of the statues of the gods--long since fallen--to the porticum or back of the edifice.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A strange sight presented itself under this oak, which, however, at once reminded the old man's Gothic companions of a custom of ancient heathen times in their distant Northern home.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Silently his companions followed the old man, who led them down the steps into the open field.

whole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading After a short walk they stopped under an ancient holm, whose mighty boughs held off storm and rain like a roof.

yards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under the oak a strip of thick turf, only a foot broad, but several yards long, had been cut loose from the ground; the two ends of the strip still lay in the shallow ditch thus formed, but in the middle it was raised over and supported by three long spears of unequal length, which were fixed into the ground, the tallest spear being in the middle, so that the whole arrangement formed a triangle, under which several men could stand commodiously between the shafts of the spears.