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A Struggle for Rome, V. 1
A Struggle for Rome, V. 1

Chapter XIX

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, V. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.
In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.
Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.
The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.
Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, V. 1

Chapter XIX

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.
Line 2
In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.
Line 3
Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.
Line 4
The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.
Line 5
Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Ancient adjective US /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading “Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.”

Christian noun US /ˈchristian/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.”

Merry noun US /merry/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.”

Part noun US /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.”

Seemed noun US /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.”

Though conjunction US /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

496

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

abolished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

accompanied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

age

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

allowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

banquets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

belief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

ceremonies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

character

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

Christian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

Christianity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

Church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

circle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

Constantine's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

contrasts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

conversion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

dances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

deprived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

difficulty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

distinguished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

evennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

excess

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

existed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

feasts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

festivals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

festivities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

filled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

find

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

games

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

Generally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

gods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

grave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

gross

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

harsh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

heathen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

heathenism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

holidays

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

ill-suited

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

Juno

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

Jupiter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

juxtaposition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

kernel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

kinds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

later

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

lofty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

Lupercalia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

manners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

merry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

mingling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

original

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

partnounUS /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

peaceful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

played

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

Prefect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

prevent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

religious

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From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

robbed

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From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

Roman

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From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

rude

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From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

sacrifices

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From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

seemednounUS /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

Several

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From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

significance

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From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

singular

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From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

striking

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From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

succeeding

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From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

suffer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

superstition

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From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

Thus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

times

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

together

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

tolerant

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From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

truly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

usually

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Generally the merry feasts of the ancient gods still existed, together with the great holidays of the Christian Church, though usually robbed of their original significance, of their religious kernel.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

weeks

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From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Several weeks later we find the grave Prefect in a circle which seemed very ill-suited to his lofty character, or even to his age.

wise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people allowed themselves to be deprived of the belief in Jupiter and Juno, of sacrifices and ceremonies, but not of the games, the festivities, the dances and banquets, by which those ceremonies had been accompanied; and the Church was at all times wise and tolerant enough to suffer what she could not prevent.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the singular juxtaposition of heathenism and Christianity which, during the first century succeeding Constantine's conversion, filled the life and manners of the Roman world with such harsh contrasts, the peaceful mingling of the old and the new religious festivals played a striking part.

year

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus, even the truly heathen Lupercalia, which were distinguished by gross superstition and all kinds of rude excess, were only, and with great difficulty, abolished in the year 496.