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A Struggle for Rome, v. 1
A Struggle for Rome, v. 1

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 is here in full — 236 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, v. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.
This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.
It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.
In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.
There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, v. 1

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 is here in full — 236 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.
Line 2
This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.
/ðɪs ˈtaʊər stʊd ɑːn ðə raɪt ʌv ðə ɡeɪt ənd hæd strɔːŋ wɔːlz ənd ə ˈmæsɪv ɑːrtʃt ruːf/
Line 3
It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.
/ɪt wɑːz dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntuː ˈdɪfərənt ˈstɔːriz iːtʃ ˈbiːɪŋ ˈsmɔːlər ðæn ðə wʌn bɪˈloʊ ɪt/
Line 4
In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.
Line 5
There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arched adjective US /ɑːrtʃt/

constructed with or in the form of an arch or arches

From this reading “This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.”

avoiding verb US /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.”

battlements noun US /ˈbætəlmənts/

plural of “battlement” — a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns

From this reading “In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.”

Jewish adjective US /ˈdʒuːɪʃ/

of or relating to Jews or their culture or religion

From this reading “Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.”

populated adjective US /ˈpɑːpjəleɪtɪd/

furnished with inhabitants

From this reading “Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.”

Porta noun US /ˈpɔːrtə/

an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity

From this reading “Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.”

roomy noun US /ˈruːmi/

an associate who shares a room with you

From this reading “In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.”

suburbs noun US /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading “Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

arched roof adjective + noun

In this reading “This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.”

beautiful daughter adjective + noun

In this reading “There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.”

different stories adjective + noun counted as “different story”

In this reading “It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.”

stood on verb + particle

In this reading “This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

archedadjectiveUS /ɑːrtʃt/

constructed with or in the form of an arch or arches

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

avoidingverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

battlementsnounUS /ˈbætəlmənts/

plural of “battlement” — a rampart built around the top of a castle with regular gaps for firing arrows or guns

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

Capuana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

chambersnounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbərz/

English architect (1723-1796)

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

dwellingnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋ/

housing that someone is living in

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

gate-keeper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

inneradjectiveUS /ˈɪnər/

located inward

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

IsaacnounUS /ˈaɪzək/

(Old Testament) the second patriarch; son of Abraham and Sarah who was offered by Abraham as a sacrifice to God; father of Jacob and Esau

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

JewnounUS /dʒuː/

a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

JewishadjectiveUS /ˈdʒuːɪʃ/

of or relating to Jews or their culture or religion

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

Miriam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

populatedadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjəleɪtɪd/

furnished with inhabitants

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

PortanounUS /ˈpɔːrtə/

an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

roomynounUS /ˈruːmi/

an associate who shares a room with you

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

suburbsnounUS /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

thicklyadverbUS /ˈθɪkli/

spoken with poor articulation as if with a thick tongue

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

Totila

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Totila, avoiding the more thickly populated parts of the inner town, hurried through the suburbs towards the Porta Capuana and the tower of Isaac, the Jewish gate-keeper.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading This tower stood on the right of the gate, and had strong walls and a massive arched roof.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was divided into different stories, each being smaller than the one below it.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the top story, close to the battlements, were two low but roomy chambers, intended for the dwelling of the gate-keeper.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There lived the old Jew, with Miriam, his beautiful daughter.

Chapter 30 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 by Felix Dahn holds 236 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 contain?

Chapter 30 holds 236 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 236 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 1

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1?

Yes. All 6602 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32271 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32271, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 take to read?

About 550 minutes of reading across 1321 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 section by section

How to work through A Struggle for Rome, v. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Struggle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Felix
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wolffsohn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anything
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.