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A Struggle for Rome, V. 1
A Struggle for Rome, V. 1

Chapter XXXII

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, V. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.
Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.
Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.
She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.
She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, V. 1

Chapter XXXII

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.
Line 2
Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.
Line 3
Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.
Line 4
She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.
Line 5
She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.”

Although noun US /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.”

Either determiner US /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading “Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.”

Herself pronoun US /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.”

Nothing pronoun US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading “She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.”

Perhaps noun US /perhaps/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.”

Soon noun US /soon/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.”

Therefore adverb US /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading “She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.”

Until preposition US /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

action

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

adherents

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

AlthoughnounUS /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

Amalaswintha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

aristocratic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

arrived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

Assembly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

attitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

Cethegus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

completely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

crown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

decisive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

dukes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

effort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

exculpate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

expectant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

fall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

freedom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

heads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

held

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

hoped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

lose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

maintained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

moment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

motives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

murder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

National

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

near

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

obtained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

Only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

opposition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

perhaps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

position

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

promise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

protection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

Regeta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

removal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

Rome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

seen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

selfish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

soon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

strengthen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

suspicion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

taken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading She therefore made every effort to strengthen her position before the decisive moment arrived.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the removal of the three dukes, Amalaswintha had maintained an expectant attitude.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading She hoped nothing more from Cethegus; she had seen through his selfish motives.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.

Witichis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only until the assembly had taken place did Witichis and his adherents promise her their protection.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Although by the fall of the heads of the aristocratic opposition she had obtained some freedom of action, yet the National Assembly at Regeta, near Rome, was soon to be held, when she must either completely exculpate herself from all suspicion of murder, or lose her crown, and perhaps her life.