Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Struggle for Rome, v. 2
A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 232 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, v. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.
The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.
But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:
"Those are Gothic weapons!
The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 232 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.
Line 2
The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.
Line 3
But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:
/bʌt oʊld ˈhɪldɪbrænd roʊz ʌp ɪn hɪz ˈeləveɪtɪd siːt ˈʃeɪdɪd hɪz ˈiːɡəl aɪz wɪð hɪz hænd ənd æt wʌns ɪkˈskleɪmd/
Line 4
"Those are Gothic weapons!
/ðoʊz ɑːr ˈɡɑːθɪk ˈwepənz/
Line 5
The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

banner noun US /ˈbænər/

long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising

From this reading “The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!”

dazzling adjective US /ˈdæzəlɪŋ/

amazingly impressive; suggestive of the flashing of lightning

From this reading “The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.”

elevated adjective US /ˈeləveɪtɪd/

raised above the ground

From this reading “But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:”

Gothic adjective US /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading “"Those are Gothic weapons!”

Hildebrand noun US /ˈhɪldɪbrænd/

the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085)

From this reading “But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:”

horsemen noun US /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading “The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.”

scales noun US /skeɪlz/

plural of “scale” — an ordered reference standard

From this reading “The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!”

shaded adjective US /ˈʃeɪdɪd/

protected from heat and light with shade or shadow

From this reading “But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

tall figure adjective + noun

In this reading “The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:”

flashed upon verb + particle counted as “flash upon”

In this reading “The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.”

in the direction preposition + article + noun counted as “in … direction”

In this reading “The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.”

in astonishment preposition + noun

In this reading “The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.”

at the head preposition + article + noun counted as “at … head”

In this reading “The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Those are Gothic weapons!

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

astonishmentnounUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

bannernounUS /ˈbænər/

long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

brilliancynoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

crestnounUS /krest/

the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

dazzlingadjectiveUS /ˈdæzəlɪŋ/

amazingly impressive; suggestive of the flashing of lightning

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

eaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

elevatedadjectiveUS /ˈeləveɪtɪd/

raised above the ground

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

exclaimedverbUS /ɪkˈskleɪmd/

past form of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

flashedverbUS /flæʃt/

past form of “flash” — gleam or glow intermittently

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

GothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading "Those are Gothic weapons!

Goths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

Hildebad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

HildebrandnounUS /ˈhɪldɪbrænd/

the Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085)

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

hurryingadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːriɪŋ/

moving with great haste

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

recognisedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

provided with a secure reputation

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

scalesnounUS /skeɪlz/

plural of “scale” — an ordered reference standard

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

shadedadjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪdɪd/

protected from heat and light with shade or shadow

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading "Those are Gothic weapons!

troopnounUS /truːp/

a group of soldiers

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading "Those are Gothic weapons!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

Witichis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

Chapter 3 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn holds 232 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 232 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 232 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Yes. All 7655 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32330 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32330, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1531 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section

How to work through A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrival
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gothic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.