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A Struggle for Rome, V. 2
A Struggle for Rome, V. 2

Chapter III

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, V. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.
The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.
But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:
"Those are Gothic weapons!
The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, V. 2

Chapter III

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.
Line 2
The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.
Line 3
But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:
Line 4
"Those are Gothic weapons!
Line 5
The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Although noun US /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.”

Hand noun US /hand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “"Those are Gothic weapons!”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

althoughnounUS /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

approached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Those are Gothic weapons!

armed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

astonishment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

banner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

bears

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

brilliancy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

crest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

dazzling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

direction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

eagle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

Earl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

elevated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

exclaimed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

eyes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

figure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

figures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

flashed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

Gothic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Those are Gothic weapons!

Goths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

Hildebad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

Hildebrand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

hill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

horsemen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

hurrying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

justice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

rapidly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

recognised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

rose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

saw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

scales

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

seat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

shaded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

sturdy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

sun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

tall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading "Those are Gothic weapons!

troop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

turned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Goths turned in astonishment, and saw a troop of horsemen hurrying down the hill in the direction of the place of justice.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But old Hildebrand rose up in his elevated seat, shaded his eagle eyes with his hand, and at once exclaimed:

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

waving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!

weapons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Those are Gothic weapons!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The sun flashed upon the armed figures with such dazzling brilliancy that they could not be recognised, although they approached rapidly.

Witichis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The waving banner bears the figure of the scales: that is the crest of Earl Witichis! and there he is himself at the head of the troop! and the tall figure on his left is the sturdy Hildebad!