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A Struggle for Rome, v. 2
A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 215 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, v. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.
The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.
Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.
All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.
His handsome face was ghastly pale.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 215 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.
Line 2
The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.
/ðə lɔːŋ blæk lɑːks ʌv ðə ˈraɪdər weɪvd ɪn ðə er æz wel æz ðə θɪk blæk meɪn wɪtʃ fɔːrmd ðə krest ʌv hɪz ˈhelmət/
Line 3
Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.
/ˈbendɪŋ ˈfɔːrwərdz hiː ɜːrdʒd hɪz ˈfoʊmɪŋ hɔːrs tuː ˈɡreɪtər spiːd ənd æz hiː riːtʃt ðə ˈsʌðərn ˈentrəns tuː ðə tɪŋ spræŋ frʌm hɪz ˈsædəl wɪð ə klæʃ/
Line 4
All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.
/ɔːl ɡeɪv weɪ æz ðeɪ met ðə ˈfjʊriəs ɡlæns ʌv hɪz aɪ/
Line 5
His handsome face was ghastly pale.
/hɪz ˈhænsəm feɪs wɑːz ˈɡæstli peɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

charger noun US /ˈtʃɑːrdʒər/

formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading “For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.”

clash noun US /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading “Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.”

foaming adjective US /ˈfoʊmɪŋ/

emitting or filled with bubbles as from carbonation or fermentation

From this reading “Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.”

forwards adverb US /ˈfɔːrwərdz/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading “Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.”

issuing noun US /ˈɪʃuːɪŋ/

the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity)

From this reading “For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.”

mane noun US /meɪn/

long coarse hair growing from the crest of the animal's neck

From this reading “The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.”

Ting verb US /tɪŋ/

cause to make a ting

From this reading “Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.”

trampling noun US /ˈtræmplɪŋ/

the sound of heavy treading or stomping

From this reading “For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

handsome face adjective + noun

In this reading “His handsome face was ghastly pale.”

under the trees preposition + article + noun counted as “under … tree”

In this reading “For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.”

little group adjective + noun

In this reading “For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.”

in front preposition + noun

at or in the front

In this reading “For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.”

gave way verb + noun counted as “give way”

move in order to make room for someone for something

In this reading “All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.”

sprang from verb + particle counted as “spring from”

In this reading “Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.”

in the air preposition + article + noun counted as “in … air”

on everybody's mind

In this reading “The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.”

in the wood preposition + article + noun counted as “in … wood”

In this reading “For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

armournounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

BendingnounUS /ˈbendɪŋ/

movement that causes the formation of a curve

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

chargernounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒər/

formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

clashnounUS /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

coal-blackadjective

of the blackest black; similar to the color of jet or coal

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

crestnounUS /krest/

the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading His handsome face was ghastly pale.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

foamingadjectiveUS /ˈfoʊmɪŋ/

emitting or filled with bubbles as from carbonation or fermentation

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

forwardsadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərdz/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

furiousadjectiveUS /ˈfjʊriəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.

gallopedverbUS /ˈɡæləpt/

past form of “gallop” — ride at a galloping pace

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.

ghastlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡæstli/

shockingly repellent; inspiring horror

From this reading His handsome face was ghastly pale.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading His handsome face was ghastly pale.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

helmetnounUS /ˈhelmət/

armor plate that protects the head

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

issuingnounUS /ˈɪʃuːɪŋ/

the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity)

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

jinglingadjective

having a series of high-pitched ringing sounds like many small bells

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

locksnounUS /lɑːks/

plural of “lock” — a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

manenounUS /meɪn/

long coarse hair growing from the crest of the animal's neck

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading His handsome face was ghastly pale.

quickadjectiveUS /kwɪk/

accomplished rapidly and without delay

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

ridernounUS /ˈraɪdər/

a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

rivalling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

rushingnounUS /ˈrʌʃɪŋ/

(American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

saddleverbUS /ˈsædəl/

put a saddle on

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

spedverbUS /sped/

inflected form of “speed” — move hurridly

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

TingverbUS /tɪŋ/

cause to make a ting

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

tramplingnounUS /ˈtræmplɪŋ/

the sound of heavy treading or stomping

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

urgedverbUS /ɜːrdʒd/

past form of “urge” — force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

wavedverbUS /weɪvd/

past form of “wave” — signal with the hands or nod

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading All gave way as they met the furious glance of his eye.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The long black locks of the rider waved in the air, as well as the thick black mane which formed the crest of his helmet.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Bending forwards, he urged his foaming horse to greater speed, and as he reached the southern entrance to the Ting, sprang from his saddle with a clash.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading For the quick trampling of approaching horses and the jingling of armour was heard in the wood, and soon a little group of horsemen appeared issuing from under the trees, and far in front galloped a man on a coal-black charger, which sped on as if rivalling the rushing of the wind.

Chapter 4 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn holds 215 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 215 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 215 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Yes. All 7655 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32330 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32330, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1531 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section

How to work through A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrival
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gothic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.