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A Struggle for Rome, v. 2
A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 112 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
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In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.
It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.
The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.
A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.
This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 112 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.
Line 2
It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.
Line 3
The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.
Line 4
A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.
/ə kuːl ɑːrtʃt ˈpæsədʒ ræn raʊnd ɔːl ɪts fɔːr saɪdz ˈdekəreɪtɪd ɪn ðə ɡreɪv ˈbɪzəntaɪn staɪl wɪð ˈstætʃuːz ʌv ðə əˈpɑːsəlz moʊˈzeɪɪks ənd ˈfreskoʊz ɑːn ə ˈɡoʊldən ˈbækɡraʊnd/
Line 5
This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apostles noun US /əˈpɑːsəlz/

plural of “apostle” — an ardent early supporter of a cause or reform

From this reading “A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.”

Byzantine adjective US /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/

of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it

From this reading “A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.”

cloister verb US /ˈklɔɪstər/

surround with a cloister, as of a garden

From this reading “The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.”

frescoes noun US /ˈfreskoʊz/

plural of “fresco” — a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

From this reading “A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.”

mosaics noun US /moʊˈzeɪɪks/

plural of “mosaic” — art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass

From this reading “A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.”

northeast noun US /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

the compass point midway between north and east; at 45 degrees

From this reading “It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.”

ornamentation noun US /ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən/

the state of being ornamented

From this reading “This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.”

symbolic adjective US /sɪmˈbɑːlɪk/

relating to or using or proceeding by means of symbols

From this reading “This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

late afternoon adjective + noun

In this reading “In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.”

dark red noun + noun

a red color that reflects little light

In this reading “The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.”

ran round verb + noun counted as “run round”

In this reading “A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.”

little town adjective + noun

In this reading “It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.”

red stone noun + noun

In this reading “The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.”

consisted in verb + particle counted as “consist in”

In this reading “This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.”

at the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

Apenninesnoun

a mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

apostlesnounUS /əˈpɑːsəlz/

plural of “apostle” — an ardent early supporter of a cause or reform

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

archedadjectiveUS /ɑːrtʃt/

constructed with or in the form of an arch or arches

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

Asisum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

ByzantineadjectiveUS /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/

of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church or the rites performed in it

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

chapelnounUS /ˈtʃæpəl/

a place of worship that has its own altar

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

cloisterverbUS /ˈklɔɪstər/

surround with a cloister, as of a garden

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

conventnounUS /ˈkɑːnvənt/

a religious residence especially for nuns

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

cooladjectiveUS /kuːl/

neither warm nor very cold; giving relief from heat

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

decoratedadjectiveUS /ˈdekəreɪtɪd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

Eugubium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

favouritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

a competitor thought likely to win

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

frescoesnounUS /ˈfreskoʊz/

plural of “fresco” — a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

GospelnounUS /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

mosaicsnounUS /moʊˈzeɪɪks/

plural of “mosaic” — art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

neighbourhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

northeastnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

the compass point midway between north and east; at 45 degrees

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

ornamentationnounUS /ˌɔːrnəmenˈteɪʃən/

the state of being ornamented

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

Perusia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

Petra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

precipicenounUS /ˈpresəpəs/

a very steep cliff

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

quadranglenoun

a four-sided polygon

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

releaseverbUS /riˈliːs/

release, as from one's grip

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

RevelationsnounUS /ˌrevəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “revelation” — the speech act of making something evident

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

shrubberies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

statuesnounUS /ˈstætʃuːz/

plural of “statue” — a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A cool arched passage ran round all its four sides, decorated in the grave Byzantine style, with statues of the apostles, mosaics, and frescoes on a golden background.

symbolicadjectiveUS /sɪmˈbɑːlɪk/

relating to or using or proceeding by means of symbols

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

Taginae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

Valerius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was situated at the foot of the Apennines, to the northeast of Perusia and Asisum, and to the south of Petra and Eugubium, upon a rocky precipice above the little town of Taginae.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the peaceful light of late afternoon shone the chapel and convent which Valerius had built in order to release his daughter from the service of the Church.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The cloister, built of the dark red stone of the neighbourhood, enclosed in its quadrangle a quiet garden, green with shrubberies.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading This ornamentation consisted in symbolic pictures from the sacred writings, especially from the Revelations of St. John, the favourite Gospel of that time.

Chapter 21 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn holds 112 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 contain?

Chapter 21 holds 112 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 112 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Yes. All 7655 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32330 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32330, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1531 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section

How to work through A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrival
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gothic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.