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A Struggle for Rome, v. 2
A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.
As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.
For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.
Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.
The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.
Line 2
As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.
Line 3
For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.
Line 4
Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.
/ˈðerfɔːr ðə kɪŋ səˈpɔːrtɪd baɪ hɪz frendz ənd ˈdʒenərəlz hæd wɜːrk ɪˈnʌf ɑːn hɪz hændz/
Line 5
The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arming noun US /ˈɑːrmɪŋ/

the act of equiping with weapons in preparation for war

From this reading “As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.”

arsenals noun US /ˈɑːrsənəlz/

plural of “arsenal” — all the weapons and equipment that a country has

From this reading “The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.”

Bulgarians noun US /bəlˈɡeriənz/

plural of “bulgarian” — a native or inhabitant of Bulgaria

From this reading “For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.”

Ravenna noun US /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading “Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.”

regulating noun US /ˈreɡjəleɪtɪŋ/

the act of controlling or directing according to rule

From this reading “As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.”

smiths noun US /smɪθs/

plural of “smith” — Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading “The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.”

threefold adjective US /ˈθriːfoʊld/

three times as great or many

From this reading “The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.”

workshops noun US /ˈwɜːrkʃɑːps/

plural of “workshop” — small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done

From this reading “The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

thirty years noun + noun

In this reading “For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.”

fifty thousand noun + noun

In this reading “As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.”

active service adjective + noun

In this reading “For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.”

whole army adjective + noun

In this reading “As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.”

ever increasing adverb + adjective

In this reading “The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.”

become somewhat verb + particle

In this reading “For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.”

in the city preposition + article + noun counted as “in … city”

In this reading “The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

armingnounUS /ˈɑːrmɪŋ/

the act of equiping with weapons in preparation for war

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

armourers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

arsenalsnounUS /ˈɑːrsənəlz/

plural of “arsenal” — all the weapons and equipment that a country has

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

Avarians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

BulgariansnounUS /bəlˈɡeriənz/

plural of “bulgarian” — a native or inhabitant of Bulgaria

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

demandsnounUS /dɪˈmændz/

plural of “demand” — an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

displayedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪd/

past form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

docksnounUS /dɑːks/

plural of “dock” — an enclosure in a court of law where the defendant sits during the trial

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

emptiedverbUS /ˈemptid/

inflected form of “empty” — make void or empty of contents

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.

erectedverbUS /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

exigence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

frontiersnounUS /frənˈtɪrz/

plural of “frontier” — a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

garrisons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

generalsnounUS /ˈdʒenərəlz/

plural of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.

Gepidae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

GothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

magazinesnounUS /ˈmæɡəziːnz/

plural of “magazine” — a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

provincesnounUS /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

RavennanounUS /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

regulatingnounUS /ˈreɡjəleɪtɪŋ/

the act of controlling or directing according to rule

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

regulationsnounUS /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “regulation” — an authoritative rule

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

rowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

rustyadjectiveUS /ˈrʌsti/

covered with or consisting of rust

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

satisfyverbUS /ˈsætəsfaɪ/

meet the requirements or expectations of

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

smithsnounUS /smɪθs/

plural of “smith” — Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

supportedadjectiveUS /səˈpɔːrtɪd/

sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support)

From this reading Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

Theodahad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

Theodoric's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

threefoldadjectiveUS /ˈθriːfoʊld/

three times as great or many

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

trainingnounUS /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

treacherouslyadverb

in a disloyal and faithless manner

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

unceasinglyadverb

with unflagging resolve

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading As, week by week, and day by day, larger or smaller divisions of the Gothic troops which had been treacherously sent to the frontiers by Theodahad, returned to the city, the King was unceasingly occupied in arming, training, and regulating the whole army, which was gradually to be brought to the number of a hundred and fifty thousand.

Witichis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Meanwhile King Witichis, in his armed city of Ravenna, displayed all the arts and activity of an experienced general.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Therefore the King, supported by his friends and generals, had work enough on his hands.

workshopsnounUS /ˈwɜːrkʃɑːps/

plural of “workshop” — small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done

From this reading The arsenals and docks were emptied; immense magazines were built in the city, and, between the threefold walls, endless rows of workshops were erected for smiths and armourers of all kinds, who were obliged to labour day and night, in order to satisfy the demands of the ever increasing army, and the eager exigence of the King.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For Theodoric's reign had been extremely peaceful; the garrisons of the frontier provinces had alone seen active service against the Gepidae, Bulgarians, and Avarians; and during a peace of more than thirty years the regulations of the army had become somewhat rusty.

Chapter 22 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn holds 121 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 contain?

Chapter 22 holds 121 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 121 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Yes. All 7655 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32330 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32330, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1531 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section

How to work through A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrival
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gothic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.