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A Struggle for Rome, v. 2
A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, v. 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.
He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.
This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.
The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.
The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.
Line 2
He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.
Line 3
This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.
Line 4
The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.
Line 5
The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.
/ðə ˈhelθi bʌt ˈsɪmpəl maɪnd ʌv ðə kɪŋ hæd bɪˈɡʌn tuː ˈdɑːrkən ɪf nɑːt tuː dɪˈsper ˈʌndər ðə ˈpreʃər ʌv kənˈtɪnjuːəl mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambassador noun US /æmˈbæsədər/

a diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another

From this reading “The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.”

continual adjective US /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading “The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.”

darken verb US /ˈdɑːrkən/

become dark or darker

From this reading “The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.”

dictated adjective US /dɪkˈteɪtɪd/

determined or decided upon as by an authority

From this reading “This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.”

Franks noun US /fræŋks/

plural of “frank” — a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century

From this reading “He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.”

healthy adjective US /ˈhelθi/

having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease

From this reading “The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.”

pressure noun US /ˈpreʃər/

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading “The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.”

Ravenna noun US /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading “At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

under the pressure preposition + article + noun counted as “under … pressure”

In this reading “The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.”

four letters noun + noun

In this reading “He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.”

rode into verb + particle counted as “ride into”

In this reading “At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.”

beautiful Queen adjective + noun

In this reading “The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

ambassadornounUS /æmˈbæsədər/

a diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

Belisariusnoun

Byzantine general under Justinian I; he recovered former Roman territories in northern Africa and fought against the Persians

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

Cethegus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

continualadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəl/

recurring regularly or frequently in a prolonged and closely spaced series

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

darkenverbUS /ˈdɑːrkən/

become dark or darker

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

dictatedadjectiveUS /dɪkˈteɪtɪd/

determined or decided upon as by an authority

From this reading This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

FranksnounUS /fræŋks/

plural of “frank” — a member of the ancient Germanic peoples who spread from the Rhine into the Roman Empire in the 4th century

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

Goths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

healthyadjectiveUS /ˈhelθi/

having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.

Justiniannoun

Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

mid-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

pressurenounUS /ˈpreʃər/

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

Procopius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

RavennanounUS /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading At mid-day Procopius rode into Ravenna.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

suspicionnounUS /səˈspɪʃən/

an impression that something might be the case

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The healthy but simple mind of the King had begun to darken, if not to despair, under the pressure of continual misfortune.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The ambassador had no suspicion of the mood in which he should find the King of the Goths and his beautiful Queen.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

Witichis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried with him four letters: the letter of Justinian to Belisarius, the letters of the King of the Franks to Cethegus and Belisarius, and a letter from Belisarius to Witichis.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading This last had been written by Procopius and dictated by Cethegus.

Chapter 34 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 contain?

Chapter 34 holds 160 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2?

Yes. All 7655 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32330 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32330, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1531 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section

How to work through A Struggle for Rome, v. 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrival
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gothic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.