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A Struggle for Rome, v. 3
A Struggle for Rome, v. 3

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, v. 3
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.
The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.
Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.
This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.
The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, v. 3

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.
Line 2
The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.
/ðə ˈaɪərn dɔːr ʌv ðə ˈtaʊər fɔːrmd ðə end ʌv ə lɔːŋ ˈpæsədʒ wɪtʃ led frʌm ə kɔːrt ənd wɪtʃ wɑːz ˈsepəreɪtɪd frʌm ðɪs kɔːrt baɪ ə ˈhevi ˈaɪərn ɡeɪt/
Line 3
Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.
Line 4
This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.
Line 5
The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.
/ðə ˈɪnər ˈtʃeɪmbər əˈfɔːrdəd æn ˈaʊtlʊk əˈkrɔːs ðə kɔːrt tuː ðə raʊnd ˈtaʊər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

angle noun US /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading “The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.”

chambers noun US /ˈtʃeɪmbərz/

English architect (1723-1796)

From this reading “This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.”

consisted verb US /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading “This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.”

deepest adjective US /ˈdiːpəst/

superlative of “deep” — relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading “The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.”

dungeon noun US /ˈdʌndʒən/

the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress

From this reading “The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.”

outlook noun US /ˈaʊtlʊk/

a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations

From this reading “The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.”

ruled adjective US /ruːld/

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading “The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.”

situated adjective US /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading “The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

inner chamber adjective + noun

In this reading “The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.”

iron gate noun + noun

In this reading “The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.”

Exactly opposite adverb + adjective

In this reading “Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.”

heavy iron adjective + noun

In this reading “The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.”

round tower noun + noun

In this reading “The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.”

iron door noun + noun

In this reading “The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.”

consisted of verb + particle counted as “consist of”

In this reading “This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.”

at the angle preposition + article + noun counted as “at … angle”

In this reading “The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

ante-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

carcerarius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.

chambersnounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbərz/

English architect (1723-1796)

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

consistedverbUS /kənˈsɪstəd/

past form of “consist” — originate

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

curtainnounUS /ˈkɜːrtən/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

deepestadjectiveUS /ˈdiːpəst/

superlative of “deep” — relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

Dromon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

dungeonnounUS /ˈdʌndʒən/

the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

dwellingnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋ/

housing that someone is living in

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

ExactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

gaolernoun

someone who guards prisoners

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

ground-flooradjective

on the floor closest to level with the ground

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

inneradjectiveUS /ˈɪnər/

located inward

From this reading The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

outlooknounUS /ˈaʊtlʊk/

a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations

From this reading The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

ruledadjectiveUS /ruːld/

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Exactly opposite this gate, on the ground-floor of the building at the left side of the court, was the small dwelling of Dromon, the _carcerarius_ or gaoler of the prison.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The iron door of the tower formed the end of a long passage which led from a court, and which was separated from this court by a heavy iron gate.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The inner chamber afforded an outlook across the court to the round tower.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading This dwelling consisted of two small chambers; the first, which was separated from the second by a curtain, was merely an ante-room.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

wingnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

Witichis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The round tower, in the deepest dungeon of which Witichis was confined, was situated at the angle of the right wing of the palace, the same in which he had dwelt and ruled as King.

Chapter 2 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 by Felix Dahn holds 163 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 163 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 163 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 3

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3?

Yes. All 6462 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32377 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32377, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 take to read?

About 538 minutes of reading across 1293 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 section by section

How to work through A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Witichis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thanks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Precautions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.