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A Struggle for Rome, V. 3
A Struggle for Rome, V. 3

Chapter IX

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, V. 3
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.
Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.
The Prefect in vain did his utmost.
In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.
In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, V. 3

Chapter IX

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.
Line 2
Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.
Line 3
The Prefect in vain did his utmost.
Line 4
In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.
Line 5
In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Meanwhile noun US /ˈmeanwhile/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.”

Never noun US /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.”

Point noun US /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading “And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.”

All words in this reading · 45

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

citizens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

coffers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

defenders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

despotism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

exhaustion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

existence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

full

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

highest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

Hunger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

lavishly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

means

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

meanwhilenounUS /ˈmeanwhile/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

measures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

nevernounUS /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

persuasion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

the main matter or purpose being discussed

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

possible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

Prefect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

provide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

ranks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

reached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

recourse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

Rome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

suffering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

thinned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

utmost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

vain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

walls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.