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A Struggle for Rome, v. 3
A Struggle for Rome, v. 3

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 is here in full — 356 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Struggle for Rome, v. 3
Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.
Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.
The Prefect in vain did his utmost.
In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.
In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, v. 3

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 is here in full — 356 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.
/ənd ˈmiːnwaɪl ðə ˈsʌfərɪŋ ənd ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən ʌv ðə ˈsɪtəzənz ɪn roʊm riːtʃt ɪts ˈhaɪəst pɔɪnt/
Line 2
Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.
/ˈhʌŋɡər θɪnd ðə ræŋks ˈnevər ˈveri fʊl ʌv ðə dɪˈfendərz ɑːn ðə wɔːlz/
Line 3
The Prefect in vain did his utmost.
/ðə ˈpriːfekt ɪn veɪn dɪd hɪz ˈʌtmoʊst/
Line 4
In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.
/ɪn veɪn hiː hæd ˈriːkɔːrs tuː ɔːl ˈpɑːsəbəl ˈmeʒərz ʌv pərˈsweɪʒən ɔːr ˈdespətɪzəm/
Line 5
In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.
/ɪn veɪn hiː ˈlævɪʃli ˈoʊpənd hɪz ˈkɑːfərz tuː prəˈvaɪd ðə miːnz ʌv eɡˈzɪstəns fɔːr ðə ˈpiːpəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

coffers noun US /ˈkɑːfərz/

plural of “coffer” — an ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling or dome

From this reading “In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.”

defenders noun US /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading “Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.”

despotism noun US /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading “In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.”

lavishly adverb US /ˈlævɪʃli/

in a wasteful manner

From this reading “In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.”

persuasion noun US /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading “In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.”

Prefect noun US /ˈpriːfekt/

a chief officer or chief magistrate

From this reading “The Prefect in vain did his utmost.”

recourse noun US /ˈriːkɔːrs/

act of turning to for assistance

From this reading “In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.”

thinned adjective US /θɪnd/

mixed with water

From this reading “Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

highest point adjective + noun counted as “high point”

the most enjoyable part of a given experience

In this reading “And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.”

on the walls preposition + article + noun counted as “on … wall”

In this reading “Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.”

All words in this reading · 45

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

coffersnounUS /ˈkɑːfərz/

plural of “coffer” — an ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling or dome

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

defendersnounUS /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

despotismnounUS /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

exhaustionnounUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/

extreme fatigue

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

HungernounUS /ˈhʌŋɡər/

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

lavishlyadverbUS /ˈlævɪʃli/

in a wasteful manner

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

measuresnounUS /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

persuasionnounUS /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

PrefectnounUS /ˈpriːfekt/

a chief officer or chief magistrate

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

provideverbUS /prəˈvaɪd/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading In vain he lavishly opened his coffers to provide the means of existence for the people.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

recoursenounUS /ˈriːkɔːrs/

act of turning to for assistance

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And meanwhile the suffering and exhaustion of the citizens in Rome reached its highest point.

thinnedadjectiveUS /θɪnd/

mixed with water

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In vain he had recourse to all possible measures of persuasion or despotism.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading The Prefect in vain did his utmost.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Hunger thinned the ranks, never very full, of the defenders on the walls.

Chapter 9 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 by Felix Dahn holds 356 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 contain?

Chapter 9 holds 356 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 356 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 3

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 6462 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32377 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32377, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 538 minutes of reading across 1293 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, v. 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Witichis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thanks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Precautions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, v. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.