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A Struggle for Rome, V. 3
A Struggle for Rome, V. 3

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.
His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.
The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.
When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.
Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Struggle for Rome, V. 3

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.
Line 2
His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.
Line 3
The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.
Line 4
When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.
Line 5
Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arches noun US /ˈɑːrtʃəz/

plural of “arch” — a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading “When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.”

Bridges noun US /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading “When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.”

Catholic adjective US /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading “The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.”

decorated adjective US /ˈdekəreɪtɪd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading “When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.”

eminence noun US /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading “Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.”

overlooking adjective US /ˈoʊvərlʊkɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading “Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.”

triumphal adjective US /traɪˈʌmfəl/

relating to or celebrating a triumph

From this reading “When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.”

villa noun US /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading “Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

triumphal arches adjective + noun counted as “triumphal arch”

a monumental archway; usually they are built to commemorate some notable victory

In this reading “When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.”

solemn procession adjective + noun

In this reading “When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.”

taken place adjective + noun

In this reading “The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.”

old friend adjective + noun

In this reading “When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.”

great hall adjective + noun

the principal hall in a castle or mansion; can be used for dining or entertainment

In this reading “Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

archesnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃəz/

plural of “arch” — a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

Arian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

assistedadjectiveUS /əˈsɪstɪd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

baldachinnoun

ornamented canopy supported by columns or suspended from a roof or projected from a wall (as over an altar)

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

betrothalnoun

a mutual promise to marry

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

betrothedadjective

pledged to be married

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

BridgesnounUS /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.

campagna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

Cassiodorus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

CatholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

decoratedadjectiveUS /ˈdekəreɪtɪd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

eminencenounUS /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

exchangedadjectiveUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒd/

changed for (replaced by) something different

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

FollowingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

Janiculum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

Julius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

overlookingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərlʊkɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

priestnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

processionnounUS /prəˈseʃən/

(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

ringsnounUS /rɪŋz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

solemnised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The betrothal had just taken place in the church of St. Peter, and was solemnised by Cassiodorus, assisted by Julius, now a Catholic priest, and also by an Arian minister.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

Theodosian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

Totila

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

triumphaladjectiveUS /traɪˈʌmfəl/

relating to or celebrating a triumph

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

unionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.

Valentinian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

Valeria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.

villanounUS /ˈvɪlə/

Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading Following the course of the river, the procession entered a villa situated on an eminence overlooking the river and the campagna, and the betrothed couple took their places under a magnificent baldachin in the great hall.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The power and glory of Totila were now at their height.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When Cassiodorus had betrothed the daughter of his old friend to the King, and they had exchanged rings, the royal couple were led in solemn procession over the Janiculum towards the right bank of the river, and across the Theodosian and Valentinian Bridges, which were decorated with triumphal arches.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His happiness was completed by his union with Valeria.

Chapter 19 of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 by Felix Dahn holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 contain?

Chapter 19 holds 103 sentences of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, V. 3

Common questions about reading A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3?

Yes. All 6462 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32377 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32377, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 take to read?

About 538 minutes of reading across 1293 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 section by section

How to work through A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Struggle for Rome, V. 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Struggle for Rome, V. 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Witichis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thanks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Precautions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Struggle for Rome, V. 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.