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A Tour Through South America
A Tour Through South America

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of A Tour Through South America is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
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_Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.
The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.
The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.
Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.
An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Tour Through South America

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of A Tour Through South America is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.
Line 2
The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.
/ðə ˈneɪtɪvz ʌv ðə ˈtrɑːpɪkəl ˈlætətuːdz hæv ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən ɔːr ˌɪnˈsentɪv tuː ɡɪv ðer taɪm ənd streŋkθ tuː ðə ˈfɜːrðərɪŋ ʌv ˈprɑːdʒekts ðæt ɑːr ˌɪntrəˈduːst ˈɪntuː ðer ˈkʌntriz ənd ɪt hæz ˈɔːlweɪz bɪn ˈnesəseri tuː ˈeni ˈentərpraɪz ɑːn ðə ˈɪsməs riˈkwaɪərɪŋ ə lɑːrdʒ ˈleɪbər fɔːrs tuː ˌɪmˈpɔːrt men frʌm ˈʌðər ˈpleɪsəz/
Line 3
The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.
/ðə fɜːrst ɪkˈsperəmənt wɑːz meɪd ˈmeni jɪrz əˈɡoʊ baɪ ðə ˈɜːrli ˈspænɪʃ ˈsetlərz huː faʊnd ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl ɪn ˈmeni ˈpleɪsəz tuː səbˈduː ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈɪndiənz/
Line 4
Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.
/ˈniːɡroʊz frʌm ˈæfrəkɑː wɜːr ˌɪmˈpɔːrtɪd bʌt ˈmeni ʌv ðem kənˈtraɪvd tuː ɪˈskeɪp frʌm ðə tæsks set ðem baɪ ðer ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ ˈmæstərz ənd faʊnd ðer weɪ ˈɪntuː ðə ˈkʌntri ˈdɪstrɪkts ənd ˈɡrædʒuːəli mɪkst wɪð ˈɪndiənz ðeɪ fel ɪn wɪð ənd soʊ ˌɪntrəˈduːst nuː blʌd ˈɪntuː ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl stɑːk ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri/
Line 5
An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.
/æn əˈtempt tuː ˌɪntrəˈduːs ˈleɪbər ɑːn tuː ðə ˈɪsməs ʌv ˈpænəmɑː wɑːz meɪd baɪ ðə prəˈmoʊtərz ənd ˈbɪldərz ʌv ðə ˈreɪlweɪ wɪð dɪˈzæstrəs rɪˈzʌlts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

builders noun US /ˈbɪldərz/

plural of “builder” — a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action

From this reading “An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.”

enterprising adjective US /ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ/

marked by imagination, initiative, and readiness to undertake new projects

From this reading “Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.”

furthering verb US /ˈfɜːrðərɪŋ/

-ing form of “further” — promote the growth of

From this reading “The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.”

incentive noun US /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading “The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.”

isthmus noun US /ˈɪsməs/

a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas

From this reading “The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.”

latitudes noun US /ˈlætətuːdz/

plural of “latitude” — the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself

From this reading “The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.”

promoters noun US /prəˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “promoter” — someone who is an active supporter and advocate

From this reading “An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.”

transit noun US /ˈtrænzɪt/

a surveying instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, consisting of a small telescope mounted on a tripod

From this reading “_Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

disastrous results adjective + noun counted as “disastrous result”

In this reading “An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.”

difficult problem adjective + noun

In this reading “_Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.”

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.”

most difficult adverb + adjective

In this reading “_Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.”

country districts noun + noun counted as “country district”

In this reading “Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.”

introduced into verb + particle counted as “introduce into”

In this reading “The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.”

into the country preposition + article + noun counted as “into … country”

In this reading “Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.”

other places adjective + noun counted as “other place”

In this reading “The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

buildersnounUS /ˈbɪldərz/

plural of “builder” — a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

contrivedadjectiveUS /kənˈtraɪvd/

showing effects of planning or manipulation

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

disastrousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

districtsnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

enterprisingadjectiveUS /ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ/

marked by imagination, initiative, and readiness to undertake new projects

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

facedadjectiveUS /feɪst/

having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

furtheringverbUS /ˈfɜːrðərɪŋ/

-ing form of “further” — promote the growth of

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

importnounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrt/

commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

importedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtɪd/

used of especially merchandise brought from a foreign source

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

incentivenounUS /ˌɪnˈsentɪv/

a positive motivational influence

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

inclinationnounUS /ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

introduceverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/

cause to come to know personally

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

IsthmusnounUS /ˈɪsməs/

a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

Labourers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

latitudesnounUS /ˈlætətuːdz/

plural of “latitude” — the angular distance between an imaginary line around a heavenly body parallel to its equator and the equator itself

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

NegroesnounUS /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

PanamanounUS /ˈpænəmɑː/

a republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

projectsnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

promotersnounUS /prəˈmoʊtərz/

plural of “promoter” — someone who is an active supporter and advocate

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

railwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

requiringverbUS /riˈkwaɪərɪŋ/

-ing form of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading An attempt to introduce labour on to the isthmus of Panama was made by the promoters and builders of the railway with disastrous results.

schemesnounUS /skiːmz/

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

settlersnounUS /ˈsetlərz/

plural of “settler” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

subdueverbUS /səbˈduː/

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

tasksnounUS /tæsks/

plural of “task” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

transitnounUS /ˈtrænzɪt/

a surveying instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, consisting of a small telescope mounted on a tripod

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

tropicaladjectiveUS /ˈtrɑːpɪkəl/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading The natives of the tropical latitudes have little inclination or incentive to give their time and strength to the furthering of projects that are introduced into their countries, and it has always been necessary to any enterprise on the isthmus requiring a large labour force to import men from other places.

undertakers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Of the Labourers on the Isthmus_ The most difficult problem that has to be faced by undertakers of transit and construction schemes in South America is that of labour.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Negroes from Africa were imported, but many of them contrived to escape from the tasks set them by their enterprising masters, and found their way into the country districts and gradually mixed with Indians they fell in with, and so introduced new blood into the original stock of the country.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The first experiment was made many years ago by the early Spanish settlers, who found it impossible in many places to subdue the native Indians.

Chapter 6 of A Tour Through South America by A. S. (Archibald Stevenson) Forrest holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of A Tour Through South America contain?

Chapter 6 holds 110 sentences of A Tour Through South America, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of A Tour Through South America by A. S. (Archibald Stevenson) Forrest exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of A Tour Through South America?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Tour Through South America

Common questions about reading A Tour Through South America by A. S. (Archibald Stevenson) Forrest on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Tour Through South America?

Yes. All 3082 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56321 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Tour Through South America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56321, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Tour Through South America take to read?

About 256 minutes of reading across 617 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Tour Through South America section by section

How to work through A Tour Through South America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of A Tour Through South America to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Tour Through South America

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Tour Through South America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Tour Through South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stanley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Tour Through South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essex
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Tour Through South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Street
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Tour Through South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.