Chapter X

matters of personal concern

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

a port in southeastern Spain on the Mediterranean

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

a period of 100 years

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

a republic in northwestern South America with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simon Bolivar; Spanish is the official language

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

possessive form of “colombia” — a republic in northwestern South America with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simon Bolivar; Spanish is the official language

From this reading Colombia’s history is no exception to the general rule.

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

true confidential information

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

the act of discovering something

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

plural of “dominion” — dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

lasting a long time

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

a feeling of excitement

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading Colombia’s history is no exception to the general rule.

presently existing

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

well known or easily recognized

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

the aggregate of past events

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Colombia’s history is no exception to the general rule.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

horrible in fierceness or savagery

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

characterized by grandeur

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

engage in

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

plural of “mariner” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

not any; not one

From this reading Colombia’s history is no exception to the general rule.

to, toward, or in the northwest

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

above and across; more than

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading Colombia’s history is no exception to the general rule.

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

coming next after the sixteenth in position

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

the state of being under the control of another person

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

in the near future

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

following in time or order

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Colombia’s history is no exception to the general rule.

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

a formal word for “on”

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was, first, the discovery of the territory away back in the fifteenth century by Spanish mariners, and its subsequent settlement by colonists from the mother country.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All its existing cities were founded during the early rule of the conquistadores, and the type of slavery imposed upon the Indian population was given its enduring shape.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Colombia and Cartagena_ If in the matter of details the history of Colombia--the republic in the extreme north-west corner of the South American continent--has been more lurid than some of its neighbours, in general outline that history has followed the course with which students of Spanish-American affairs are so familiar.

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Spain always started this work with magnificent enthusiasm, but the feeling of rapture over the possession of new dominions soon wore off, and the annals of these colonies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries make drab and uninteresting reading.