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A Tour Through South America
A Tour Through South America

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of A Tour Through South America is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.
Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.
Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.
One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.
There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Tour Through South America

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of A Tour Through South America is here in full — 74 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.
Line 2
Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.
Line 3
Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.
Line 4
One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.
Line 5
There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.
/ðer ɑːr ˈmeni fɔːlz ɪn ðɪs ˈrɪvər səmˈtaɪmz ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd soʊ kloʊs təˈɡeðər ðæt ɪn ðə kɔːrs ʌv hæf ə maɪl ˈsevrəl meɪ biː ˈkaʊntɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abnormal adjective US /æbˈnɔːrməl/

not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm

From this reading “_A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.”

encountering verb US /enˈkaʊntərɪŋ/

-ing form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading “Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.”

harnessed adjective US /ˈhɑːrnəst/

brought under control and put to use

From this reading “Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.”

hilly adjective US /ˈhɪli/

having hills and crags

From this reading “Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.”

joins noun US /dʒɔɪnz/

plural of “join” — the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made

From this reading “One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.”

Parana noun US /pərˈɑːnə/

a South American river; tributary of Rio de la Plata

From this reading “One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.”

Santos noun US /ˈsæntoʊs/

a port city in southwestern Brazil on an offshore island near Sao Paulo

From this reading “One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.”

waterfalls noun US /ˈwɔːtərfɔːlz/

plural of “waterfall” — a steep descent of the water of a river

From this reading “_A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hilly country adjective + noun

In this reading “Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.”

enormous amount adjective + noun

In this reading “Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “_A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

abnormaladjectiveUS /æbˈnɔːrməl/

not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

countedverbUS /ˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “count” — determine the number or amount of

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

demandsnounUS /dɪˈmændz/

plural of “demand” — an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

encounteringverbUS /enˈkaʊntərɪŋ/

-ing form of “encounter” — come together

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

fallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

harnessedadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrnəst/

brought under control and put to use

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

hillyadjectiveUS /ˈhɪli/

having hills and crags

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

joinsnounUS /dʒɔɪnz/

plural of “join” — the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

LightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

MarverbUS /mɑːr/

make imperfect

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

MuchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

north-westerly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

ParananounUS /pərˈɑːnə/

a South American river; tributary of Rio de la Plata

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

Paulo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

PowernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

rapidsnounUS /ˈræpədz/

plural of “rapid” — a part of a river where the current is very fast

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

richestadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtʃəst/

superlative of “rich” — possessing material wealth

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

risesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

RiversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

SantosnounUS /ˈsæntoʊs/

a port city in southwestern Brazil on an offshore island near Sao Paulo

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

Serro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

SourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Rivers and streams rise in the great Serro do Mar, and flow over a hilly country, encountering so many changes of level that innumerable falls and rapids are the result.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

São

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

Tieté

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading There are many falls in this river, sometimes situated so close together that in the course of half a mile several may be counted.

utilisedadjective

put to use

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

waterfallsnounUS /ˈwɔːtərfɔːlz/

plural of “waterfall” — a steep descent of the water of a river

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One of these rivers, the Tieté, which rises in the hills not far from Santos, flows in a north-westerly direction till it joins the Parana.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Much of the power that flows over these rapids has already been utilised and does an enormous amount of work, and more is destined in the future to be harnessed to supply the increasing demands of industry.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading _A Source of Light and Power_ São Paulo is rich in the possession of an abnormal number of waterfalls and rapids--in fact for its size it is in this respect the richest state in the world.

Chapter 28 of A Tour Through South America by A. S. (Archibald Stevenson) Forrest holds 74 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of A Tour Through South America contain?

Chapter 28 holds 74 sentences of A Tour Through South America, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of A Tour Through South America by A. S. (Archibald Stevenson) Forrest exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 74 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of A Tour Through South America?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Tour Through South America

Common questions about reading A Tour Through South America by A. S. (Archibald Stevenson) Forrest on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Tour Through South America?

Yes. All 3082 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56321 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Tour Through South America is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56321, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Tour Through South America take to read?

About 256 minutes of reading across 617 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Tour Through South America section by section

How to work through A Tour Through South America section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of A Tour Through South America to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Tour Through South America

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Tour Through South America, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Tour Through South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stanley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Tour Through South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essex
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Tour Through South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Street
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Tour Through South America; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.