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A Treatise on Domestic Economy
A Treatise on Domestic Economy

Chapter LXIX · Chapter 69

Chapter 69 of A Treatise on Domestic Economy is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.
The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.
_On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.
Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.
If the soil be sandy and loose, spade in clay and ashes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Treatise on Domestic Economy

Chapter LXIX · Chapter 69

Chapter 69 of A Treatise on Domestic Economy is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.
/ɑːn ðə ker ʌv jɑːrdz ənd ˈɡɑːrdənz/
Line 2
The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.
Line 3
_On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.
Line 4
Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.
/speɪd ɪt ɪn æz diːp æz ˈpɑːsəbəl ənd mɪks ɪt wel/
Line 5
If the soil be sandy and loose, spade in clay and ashes.
/ɪf ðə sɔɪl biː ˈsændi ənd luːs speɪd ɪn kleɪ ənd ˈæʃ.ɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adhesive noun US /ædˈhiːsɪv/

a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together

From this reading “_On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.”

chapters noun US /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading “The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.”

clayey adjective US /ˈkleɪi/

resembling or containing clay

From this reading “_On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.”

Encyclopaedia noun US /ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə/

a reference work (often in several volumes) containing articles on various topics (often arranged in alphabetical order) dealing with the entire range of human knowledge or with some particular specialty

From this reading “The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.”

Gardening noun US /ˈɡɑːrdənɪŋ/

the cultivation of plants

From this reading “The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.”

Horticulture noun US /ˈhɔːrtɪkʌltʃər/

the cultivation of plants

From this reading “The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.”

manure noun US /məˈnʊr/

any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material

From this reading “_On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.”

spade noun US /speɪd/

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading “Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

adhesivenounUS /ædˈhiːsɪv/

a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.

ashesnounUS /ˈæʃ.ɪz/

The powdery residue left after the burning of a substance.

From this reading If the soil be sandy and loose, spade in clay and ashes.

authoritiesnounUS /əˈθɔːrətiz/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

Bridgeman's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

Buel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

CAREnounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

claynounUS /kleɪ/

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading If the soil be sandy and loose, spade in clay and ashes.

clayeyadjectiveUS /ˈkleɪi/

resembling or containing clay

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

consultedverbUS /kənˈsʌltəd/

past form of “consult” — get or ask advice from

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

Downing's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

EncyclopaedianounUS /ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə/

a reference work (often in several volumes) containing articles on various topics (often arranged in alphabetical order) dealing with the entire range of human knowledge or with some particular specialty

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

GardenernounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənər/

someone who takes care of a garden

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

GardeningnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənɪŋ/

the cultivation of plants

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

GARDENSnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.

HorticulturenounUS /ˈhɔːrtɪkʌltʃər/

the cultivation of plants

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

Hovey's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.

JudgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

kindredadjectiveUS /ˈkɪndrɪd/

similar in quality or character

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

LandscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading If the soil be sandy and loose, spade in clay and ashes.

Loudon's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

MagazinenounUS /ˈmæɡəziːn/

a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

manurenounUS /məˈnʊr/

any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

mixverbUS /mɪks/

mix together different elements

From this reading Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

sandyadjectiveUS /ˈsændi/

of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

From this reading If the soil be sandy and loose, spade in clay and ashes.

SoilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

SpadenounUS /speɪd/

a playing card in the major suit that has one or more black figures on it

From this reading Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Spade it in, as deep as possible, and mix it well.

well-rotted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _On the Preparation of Soil._ If the garden soil be clayey, and adhesive, put on a covering of sand, three inches thick, and the same depth of well-rotted manure.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

YARDSnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading ON THE CARE OF YARDS AND GARDENS.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The authorities consulted in the preparation of this and kindred chapters, are, Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, Bridgeman's Young Gardener, Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture, the writings of Judge Buel,[T] and Downing's Landscape Gardening.

Chapter 69 of A Treatise on Domestic Economy by Catharine Esther Beecher holds 168 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 69 of A Treatise on Domestic Economy contain?

Chapter 69 holds 168 sentences of A Treatise on Domestic Economy, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 69 of A Treatise on Domestic Economy by Catharine Esther Beecher exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 168 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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