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A Victor of Salamis
A Victor of Salamis

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Victor of Salamis is here in full — 364 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Victor of Salamis
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.
His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called Zeus prosper you!”
Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.
The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.
The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Victor of Salamis

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Victor of Salamis is here in full — 364 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.
Line 2
His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had calledZeus prosper you!”
Line 3
Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.
Line 4
The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.
Line 5
The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

athlete's noun US /ˈæθliːts/

possessive form of “athlete” — a person trained to compete in sports

bestowing verb US /bɪˈstoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “bestow” — present

From this reading “The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.”

metres noun US /ˈmiːtərz/

plural of “metre” — the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading “Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.”

ode noun US /oʊd/

a lyric poem with complex stanza forms

From this reading “Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.”

pentathlon noun US /penˈtæθlən/

an athletic contest consisting of five different events

From this reading “THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.”

stadium noun US /ˈsteɪdiəm/

a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

From this reading “THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.”

trainers noun US /ˈtreɪnərz/

plural of “trainer” — one who trains other persons or animals

From this reading “The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.”

triumphal adjective US /traɪˈʌmfəl/

relating to or celebrating a triumph

From this reading “Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

advicenounUS /ædˈvaɪs/

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

athlete'snounUS /ˈæθliːts/

possessive form of “athlete” — a person trained to compete in sports

From this reading The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.

awaitingverbUS /əˈweɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “await” — look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

bestowingverbUS /bɪˈstoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “bestow” — present

From this reading The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

chatteringnounUS /ˈtʃætərɪŋ/

the rapid series of noises made by the parts of a machine

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

Cimon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

Democrates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

farewellnounUS /ˌferˈwel/

an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

Glaucon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

grippedverbUS /ɡrɪpt/

inflected form of “grip” — hold fast or firmly

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

huntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

kissedverbUS /kɪst/

past form of “kiss” — touch with the lips or press the lips (against someone's mouth or other body part) as an expression of love, greeting, etc.

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

metresnounUS /ˈmiːtərz/

plural of “metre” — the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

odenounUS /oʊd/

a lyric poem with complex stanza forms

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

officiousadjective

intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner

From this reading The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.

ordealnounUS /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

PENTATHLONnounUS /penˈtæθlən/

an athletic contest consisting of five different events

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

prosperverbUS /ˈprɑːspər/

make steady progress; be at the high point in one's career or reach a high point in historical significance or importance

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

roarverbUS /rɔːr/

make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

Simonides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

stadiumnounUS /ˈsteɪdiəm/

a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

summonsnounUS /ˈsʌmənz/

a request to be present

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

tentnounUS /tent/

a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.

Themistoclesnoun

Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE PENTATHLON In a tent at the lower end of the long stadium stood Glaucon awaiting the final summons to his ordeal.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

trainersnounUS /ˈtreɪnərz/

plural of “trainer” — one who trains other persons or animals

From this reading The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.

triumphaladjectiveUS /traɪˈʌmfəl/

relating to or celebrating a triumph

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

vowedverbUS /vaʊd/

past form of “vow” — make a vow; promise

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Simonides had vowed that he was already hunting for the metres of a triumphal ode.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The athlete’s trainers were bestowing their last officious advice.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The roar from without told how the stadium was filled with its chattering thousands.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

ZeusnounUS /zuːs/

(Greek mythology) the supreme god of ancient Greek mythology; son of Rhea and Cronus whom he dethroned; husband and brother of Hera; brother of Poseidon and Hades; father of many gods; counterpart of Roman Jupiter

From this reading His friends had just cried farewell for the last time: Cimon had kissed him; Themistocles had gripped his hand; Democrates had called “Zeus prosper you!”

Chapter 4 of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis holds 364 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Victor of Salamis contain?

Chapter 4 holds 364 sentences of A Victor of Salamis, unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 364 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Victor of Salamis?

Work through the 73 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 73 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Victor of Salamis

Common questions about reading A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Victor of Salamis?

Yes. All 9333 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27587 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Victor of Salamis is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27587, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Victor of Salamis take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1867 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Victor of Salamis section by section

How to work through A Victor of Salamis section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of A Victor of Salamis to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Victor of Salamis

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Victor of Salamis, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wills
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Belshazzar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.