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A Victor of Salamis
A Victor of Salamis

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of A Victor of Salamis is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.
Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.
For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.
Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.
There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Victor of Salamis

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of A Victor of Salamis is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.
Line 2
Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.
Line 3
For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.
Line 4
Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.
/æθˈletɪk ˈkɑːntests hæd prɪˈsiːdɪd ɪt ənd ˈsteɪtli ˈpɪrɪk ˈdænsəz ʌv men ɪn fʊl ˈɑːrmər/
Line 5
There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Agora noun US /ˈæɡərə/

100 agorot equal 1 shekel in Israel

From this reading “THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.”

contests noun US /ˈkɑːntests/

plural of “contest” — an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading “Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.”

festooned verb US /ˌfeˈstuːnd/

past form of “festoon” — decorate with strings of flowers

From this reading “THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.”

hyacinths noun US /ˈhaɪəsɪnθs/

plural of “hyacinth” — a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone

From this reading “Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.”

narcissus noun US /nɑːrˈsɪsəs/

bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters

From this reading “Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.”

passer noun US /ˈpæsər/

a person who passes by casually or by chance

From this reading “Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.”

pelted verb US /ˈpeltɪd/

past form of “pelt” — cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading “Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.”

Pyrrhic adjective US /ˈpɪrɪk/

of or relating to a war dance of ancient Greece

From this reading “Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

AgoranounUS /ˈæɡərə/

100 agorot equal 1 shekel in Israel

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

armournounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

AtheniannounUS /əˈθiːniən/

a resident of Athens

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

AthleticadjectiveUS /æθˈletɪk/

relating to or befitting athletics or athletes

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

BeneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

bright-faced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

contestsnounUS /ˈkɑːntests/

plural of “contest” — an occasion on which a winner is selected from among two or more contestants

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

crowningadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊnɪŋ/

representing a level of the highest possible achievement or attainment

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

dancesnounUS /ˈdænsəz/

plural of “dance” — an artistic form of nonverbal communication

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

darkeningadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkənɪŋ/

becoming dark or darker as from waning light or clouding over

From this reading There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

despiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

feastingnounUS /ˈfiːstɪŋ/

eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment)

From this reading There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

festivalsnounUS /ˈfestəvəlz/

plural of “festival” — a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

festoonedverbUS /ˌfeˈstuːnd/

past form of “festoon” — decorate with strings of flowers

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

FlowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

gladdest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

hyacinthsnounUS /ˈhaɪəsɪnθs/

plural of “hyacinth” — a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

lurkedverbUS /lɜːrkt/

past form of “lurk” — lie in wait, lie in ambush, behave in a sneaky and secretive manner

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

merry-making

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

mornnounUS /mɔːrn/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

narcissusnounUS /nɑːrˈsɪsəs/

bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

PANATHENÆA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

passernounUS /ˈpæsər/

a person who passes by casually or by chance

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

peltedverbUS /ˈpeltɪd/

past form of “pelt” — cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

pillarnounUS /ˈpɪlər/

a fundamental principle or practice

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

porticos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

precededverbUS /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “precede” — be earlier in time; go back further

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

PyrrhicadjectiveUS /ˈpɪrɪk/

of or relating to a war dance of ancient Greece

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

shelteringverbUS /ˈʃeltərɪŋ/

-ing form of “shelter” — provide shelter for

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

statelyadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtli/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Athletic contests had preceded it and stately Pyrrhic dances of men in full armour.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There had been feasting and merry-making despite the darkening shadow of the Persian.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

violetsnounUS /ˈvaɪələts/

plural of “violet” — any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For this was the morn of the final crowning day of the Panathenæa, greatest, gladdest of Athenian festivals.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE PANATHENÆA Flowers on every head, flowers festooned about each pillar, and flowers under foot when one crossed the Agora.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Beneath the sheltering porticos lurked bright-faced girls who pelted each passer with violets, narcissus, and hyacinths.

Chapter 11 of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis holds 204 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of A Victor of Salamis contain?

Chapter 11 holds 204 sentences of A Victor of Salamis, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 204 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of A Victor of Salamis?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Victor of Salamis

Common questions about reading A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Victor of Salamis?

Yes. All 9333 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27587 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Victor of Salamis is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27587, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Victor of Salamis take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1867 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Victor of Salamis section by section

How to work through A Victor of Salamis section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of A Victor of Salamis to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Victor of Salamis

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Victor of Salamis, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wills
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Belshazzar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.