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A Victor of Salamis
A Victor of Salamis

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of A Victor of Salamis is here in full — 182 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Victor of Salamis
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.
Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.
For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.
If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.
Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courageall in one.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Victor of Salamis

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of A Victor of Salamis is here in full — 182 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.
Line 2
Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.
Line 3
For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.
/fɔːr ɪn ɪt ˈevəri fɔːrm ʌv ˈkɜːrədʒ ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈmɔːrəl ənd ˈevəri ˈtælənt ɑːr kɔːld ˈɪntuː ˈbiːɪŋ/
Line 4
If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.
/ɪf wɔːr æt wʌns dɪˈveləps ðə ˈbestʃəl ɪt ˈɔːlsoʊ dɪˈveləps æz ˈprɑːmptli ðə hɪˈroʊɪk/
Line 5
Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courageall in one.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

activities noun US /ækˈtɪvətiz/

plural of “activity” — any specific behavior

From this reading “Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.”

bestial adjective US /ˈbestʃəl/

resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility

From this reading “If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.”

blessings noun US /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading “THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.”

commandment noun US /kəˈmændmənt/

something that is commanded

From this reading “THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.”

develops verb US /dɪˈveləps/

third-person singular of “develop” — make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation

From this reading “If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.”

horrors noun US /ˈhɔːrərz/

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading “Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.”

lion's noun US /ˈlaɪənz/

possessive form of “lion” — large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

serpent's noun US /ˈsɜːrpənts/

possessive form of “serpent” — limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

activitiesnounUS /ækˈtɪvətiz/

plural of “activity” — any specific behavior

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

AloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

bestialadjectiveUS /ˈbestʃəl/

resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility

From this reading If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.

blessingsnounUS /ˈblesɪŋz/

plural of “blessing” — the formal act of approving

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

brute's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

COMMANDMENTnounUS /kəˈmændmənt/

something that is commanded

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

demandsnounUS /dɪˈmændz/

plural of “demand” — an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

developsverbUS /dɪˈveləps/

third-person singular of “develop” — make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation

From this reading If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.

easieradjectiveUS /ˈiːziər/

comparative of “easy” — posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

heroicadjectiveUS /hɪˈroʊɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.

horrorsnounUS /ˈhɔːrərz/

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

lion'snounUS /ˈlaɪənz/

possessive form of “lion” — large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

paintverbUS /peɪnt/

make a painting

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

promptlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːmptli/

with little or no delay

From this reading If war at once develops the bestial, it also develops as promptly the heroic.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

serpent'snounUS /ˈsɜːrpənts/

possessive form of “serpent” — limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Alone of human activities it demands a brute’s strength, an iron will, a serpent’s intellect, a lion’s courage—all in one.

talentnounUS /ˈtælənt/

natural abilities or qualities

From this reading For in it every form of courage, physical and moral, and every talent are called into being.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

witsnounUS /wɪts/

the basic human power of intelligent thought and perception

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

XERXES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMMANDMENT OF XERXES It is easy to praise the blessings of peace.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Still easier to paint the horrors of war,—and yet war will remain for all time the greatest game at which human wits can play.

Chapter 18 of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis holds 182 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of A Victor of Salamis contain?

Chapter 18 holds 182 sentences of A Victor of Salamis, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 182 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of A Victor of Salamis?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Victor of Salamis

Common questions about reading A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Victor of Salamis?

Yes. All 9333 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27587 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Victor of Salamis is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27587, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Victor of Salamis take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1867 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Victor of Salamis section by section

How to work through A Victor of Salamis section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 38 chapters of A Victor of Salamis to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Victor of Salamis

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Victor of Salamis, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wills
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Belshazzar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Victor of Salamis; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.